fix(actions): better runtime check for invalid usages (#12402)

.changeset/dull-lemons-check.md

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+---
+'astro': patch
+---
+
+Fixes a case where Astro allowed to call an action without using `Astro.callAction`. This is now invalid, and Astro will show a proper error.
+
+```diff
+---
+import { actions } from "astro:actions";
+
+-const result = actions.getUser({ userId: 123 });
++const result = Astro.callAction(actions.getUser, { userId: 123 });
+---
+```

packages/astro/src/actions/runtime/middleware.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import type { APIContext, MiddlewareNext } from '../../@types/astro.js';
 import { defineMiddleware } from '../../core/middleware/index.js';
 import { getOriginPathname } from '../../core/routing/rewrite.js';
 import { ACTION_QUERY_PARAMS } from '../consts.js';
-import { formContentTypes, hasContentType } from './utils.js';
+import { ACTION_API_CONTEXT_SYMBOL, formContentTypes, hasContentType } from './utils.js';
 import { getAction } from './virtual/get-action.js';
 import {
 	type SafeResult,
@@ -100,6 +100,7 @@ async function handlePost({
 		formData = await request.clone().formData();
 	}
 	const { getActionResult, callAction, props, redirect, ...actionAPIContext } = context;
+	Reflect.set(actionAPIContext, ACTION_API_CONTEXT_SYMBOL, true);
 	const action = baseAction.bind(actionAPIContext);
 	const actionResult = await action(formData);
 

packages/astro/src/actions/runtime/route.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import type { APIRoute } from '../../@types/astro.js';
-import { formContentTypes, hasContentType } from './utils.js';
+import { ACTION_API_CONTEXT_SYMBOL, formContentTypes, hasContentType } from './utils.js';
 import { getAction } from './virtual/get-action.js';
 import { serializeActionResult } from './virtual/shared.js';
 
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ export const POST: APIRoute = async (context) => {
 		return new Response(null, { status: 415 });
 	}
 	const { getActionResult, callAction, props, redirect, ...actionAPIContext } = context;
+	Reflect.set(actionAPIContext, ACTION_API_CONTEXT_SYMBOL, true);
 	const action = baseAction.bind(actionAPIContext);
 	const result = await action(args);
 	const serialized = serializeActionResult(result);

packages/astro/src/actions/runtime/utils.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import type { APIContext } from '../../@types/astro.js';
 
+export const ACTION_API_CONTEXT_SYMBOL = Symbol.for('astro.actionAPIContext');
+
 export const formContentTypes = ['application/x-www-form-urlencoded', 'multipart/form-data'];
 
 export function hasContentType(contentType: string, expected: string[]) {
@@ -26,3 +28,8 @@ export type MaybePromise<T> = T | Promise<T>;
  * `result.error.fields` will be typed with the `name` field.
  */
 export type ErrorInferenceObject = Record<string, any>;
+
+export function isActionAPIContext(ctx: ActionAPIContext): boolean {
+	const symbol = Reflect.get(ctx, ACTION_API_CONTEXT_SYMBOL);
+	return symbol === true;
+}

packages/astro/src/actions/runtime/virtual/server.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,12 @@
 import { z } from 'zod';
 import { ActionCalledFromServerError } from '../../../core/errors/errors-data.js';
 import { AstroError } from '../../../core/errors/errors.js';
-import type { ActionAPIContext, ErrorInferenceObject, MaybePromise } from '../utils.js';
+import {
+	type ActionAPIContext,
+	type ErrorInferenceObject,
+	type MaybePromise,
+	isActionAPIContext,
+} from '../utils.js';
 import { ActionError, ActionInputError, type SafeResult, callSafely } from './shared.js';
 
 export * from './shared.js';
@@ -60,7 +65,8 @@ export function defineAction<
 			: getJsonServerHandler(handler, inputSchema);
 
 	async function safeServerHandler(this: ActionAPIContext, unparsedInput: unknown) {
-		if (typeof this === 'function') {
+		// The ActionAPIContext should always contain the `params` property
+		if (typeof this === 'function' || !isActionAPIContext(this)) {
 			throw new AstroError(ActionCalledFromServerError);
 		}
 		return callSafely(() => serverHandler(unparsedInput, this));

packages/astro/src/actions/utils.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import type fsMod from 'node:fs';
 import * as eslexer from 'es-module-lexer';
 import type { APIContext } from '../@types/astro.js';
 import type { Locals } from './runtime/middleware.js';
-import type { ActionAPIContext } from './runtime/utils.js';
+import { ACTION_API_CONTEXT_SYMBOL, type ActionAPIContext } from './runtime/utils.js';
 import { deserializeActionResult, getActionQueryString } from './runtime/virtual/shared.js';
 
 export function hasActionPayload(locals: APIContext['locals']): locals is Locals {
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ export function createGetActionResult(locals: APIContext['locals']): APIContext[
 
 export function createCallAction(context: ActionAPIContext): APIContext['callAction'] {
 	return (baseAction, input) => {
+		Reflect.set(context, ACTION_API_CONTEXT_SYMBOL, true);
 		const action = baseAction.bind(context);
 		return action(input) as any;
 	};

packages/astro/test/actions.test.js

@@ -132,6 +132,12 @@ describe('Astro Actions', () => {
 				assert.equal(data, 'Hello, ben!');
 			}
 		});
+
+		it('Should fail when calling an action without using Astro.callAction', async () => {
+			const res = await fixture.fetch('/invalid/');
+			const text = await res.text();
+			assert.match(text, /ActionCalledFromServerError/);
+		});
 	});
 
 	describe('build', () => {

packages/astro/test/fixtures/actions/src/pages/invalid.astro

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+---
+import { actions } from "astro:actions";
+
+// this is invalid, it should fail
+const result = await actions.imageUploadInChunks();
+---