nominals ending in 'o' and declension

[funderburkjim]

There are only 26 nominal citations in lexnorm-all2 which end in 'o'.
Most of these are 'go' (cow, bull) and its compounds. The others are 'lo', 'dyo', 'smfto', and 'so'.

The stem generation results in models f_o, m_o (same as f_o) and n_u (see below for discussion of neuter).

[funderburkjim]

endings for f_o and m_o

The masculine and feminine declensions are identical, and use the endings :

Case	S	D	P
Nominative	OH	AvO	AvaH
Accusative	Am	AvO	AH
Instrumental	avA	oByAm	oBiH
Dative	ave	oByAm	oByaH
Ablative	oH	oByAm	oByaH
Genitive	oH	avoH	avAm
Locative	avi	avoH	ozu
Vocative	OH	AvO	AvaH

base for m_o, f_o model

Obtain the base by dropping the final 'o'.

f_o, m_o declension algorithm

Completely analogous to other vowel-ending declension algorithms. In brief:

• Detach prefix from final pada
• Form base from final pada
• Join base to the endings, then apply nR sandhi as needed (actually, it is not needed in any examples).
• Reattach the base to the results of preceding step.

[funderburkjim]

example go

Declension in feminine (or masculine):

Case	S	D	P
Nominative	g + OH = gOH	g + AvO = gAvO	g + AvaH = gAvaH
Accusative	g + Am = gAm	g + AvO = gAvO	g + AH = gAH
Instrumental	g + avA = gavA	g + oByAm = goByAm	g + oBiH = goBiH
Dative	g + ave = gave	g + oByAm = goByAm	g + oByaH = goByaH
Ablative	g + oH = goH	g + oByAm = goByAm	g + oByaH = goByaH
Genitive	g + oH = goH	g + avoH = gavoH	g + avAm = gavAm
Locative	g + avi = gavi	g + avoH = gavoH	g + ozu = gozu
Vocative	g + OH = gOH	g + AvO = gAvO	g + AvaH = gAvaH

[funderburkjim]

neuter declension of nouns ending in 'o'

Based upon Kale on p.53, I think that the neuter declension of nouns ending in 'o' is formed as follows:

• form the stem by replacing the final 'o' with 'u'
• decline this stem using the n_u declension algorithm (like maDu)

example of go in neuter

The word 'bahu-go' is indicated to be an adjective by MW (having much cattle).
So, we need to know how to decline 'go' in the neuter.
First, we form the stem 'gu'. Then decline 'gu' like 'maDu', using the n_u model; i.e., form base 'g' from 'gu', then add the n_u endings. The result is:

Case	S	D	P
Nominative	gu	gunI	gUni
Accusative	gu	gunI	gUni
Instrumental	gunA	guByAm	guBiH
Dative	gune	guByAm	guByaH
Ablative	gunaH	guByAm	guByaH
Genitive	gunaH	gunoH	gUnAm
Locative	guni	gunoH	guzu
Vocative	gu/go	gunI	gUni

Finally, the declension of 'bahu-go' in neuter just reattaches 'bahu':

Case	S	D	P
Nominative	bahugu	bahugunI	bahugUni
Accusative	bahugu	bahugunI	bahugUni
Instrumental	bahugunA	bahuguByAm	bahuguBiH
Dative	bahugune	bahuguByAm	bahuguByaH
Ablative	bahugunaH	bahuguByAm	bahuguByaH
Genitive	bahugunaH	bahugunoH	bahugUnAm
Locative	bahuguni	bahugunoH	bahuguzu
Vocative	bahugu/bahugo	bahugunI	bahugUni

[funderburkjim]

analogy with feminine declension of nouns ending in 'a'

Note that we do not have a separate model 'n_o'. This is analogous to the way the feminine declension of an adjective ending in 'a' is handled by this system.

For example, 'agra' has the lexnorm attribute 'm:f:n'. We prepare the feminine stem of 'agra' as 'agrA'.
Then we decline 'agrA' using the f_A model (like 'latA', or our example 'rAmA' in #8).

[funderburkjim]

Note on dyo

Deshpande , Kale, and Bucknell use the citation 'dyo' (sky).

MW has an entry for 'dyo', but only as a pointer to 'dyu':
dyo b dyota &c. See under dyu and 1. dyut.

In particular, 'dyo' has no lexical (gender) information in MW, so does not appear in the original lexnorm-all2 list.

I am handling this by

• adding 97516 dyo dyo m:f:n to lexnorm-all2
• moving 'dyu' entrie(s) out of lexnorm-all2.txt and into a new file lexnorm-irregular.txt.

     92231.1	dyu	dyu	m:n
     92231.2	dyu	dyu	m
  

  • This removal has the benefit of removing incorrect declensions of 'dyu' according to m_u

[funderburkjim]

lexnorm-irregular.txt

This can be a temporary holding place for items of lexnorm-all2.txt that are known to lead to declension errors by the current stem-model classification and declension algorithms.

These cases will need to be handled somehow as this project matures.

[gasyoun]

lexnorm-irregular.txt

Can't locate it. It is not only about nominals ending in 'o', but general, right?