Apply ruff/bugbear rules (B)

[DimitriPapadopoulos]

Start addressing #240.

B006 Do not use mutable data structures for argument defaults

https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/mutable-argument-default/

Don't apply this rule:

B904 Within an `except` clause, raise exceptions with `raise ... from err` or `raise ... from None` to distinguish them from errors in exception handling

https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/raise-without-from-inside-except/

[jaraco]

Thanks for this request. I'd not seen it before I addressed it in 448a2a1. It's okay to pass mutable arguments as long as there's a type declaration protecting against mutating it (which there is now), so the B006 checks no longer fail:

 distutils main @ ruff check --select B006
All checks passed!

[DimitriPapadopoulos]

Nevertheless, it's perhaps better to use =() instead of =[] as a default value and be consistent about it:

$ fgrep -R '=())'
distutils/tests/test_cmd.py:            cmd.make_file(infiles=1, outfile='', func='func', args=())
distutils/tests/test_cmd.py:        cmd.make_file(infiles='in', outfile='out', func='func', args=())
distutils/tests/test_dist.py:    def create_distribution(self, configfiles=()):
$ 
$ fgrep -R '= [])'
distutils/fancy_getopt.py:    def __init__(self, options: Sequence[Any] = []):
distutils/tests/__init__.py:def missing_compiler_executable(cmd_names: Sequence[str] = []):  # pragma: no cover
$