Fix ruff/bugbear issues (B904)

B904 Within an `except` clause, raise exceptions with `raise ... from err` or
     `raise ... from None` to distinguish them from errors in exception handling

https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/raise-without-from-inside-except/

distutils/_msvccompiler.py

@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ def _get_vc_env(plat_spec):
         ).decode('utf-16le', errors='replace')
     except subprocess.CalledProcessError as exc:
         log.error(exc.output)
-        raise DistutilsPlatformError(f"Error executing {exc.cmd}")
+        raise DistutilsPlatformError(f"Error executing {exc.cmd}") from exc
 
     env = {
         key.lower(): value
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ def compile(  # noqa: C901
         for obj in objects:
             try:
                 src, ext = build[obj]
-            except KeyError:
+            except KeyError as e:
                 continue
             if debug:
                 # pass the full pathname to MSVC in debug mode,
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ def compile(  # noqa: C901
                 try:
                     self.spawn([self.rc] + pp_opts + [output_opt, input_opt])
                 except DistutilsExecError as msg:
-                    raise CompileError(msg)
+                    raise CompileError(msg) from msg
                 continue
             elif ext in self._mc_extensions:
                 # Compile .MC to .RC file to .RES file.
@@ -403,11 +403,11 @@ def compile(  # noqa: C901
                     self.spawn([self.rc, "/fo" + obj, rc_file])
 
                 except DistutilsExecError as msg:
-                    raise CompileError(msg)
+                    raise CompileError(msg) from msg
                 continue
             else:
                 # how to handle this file?
-                raise CompileError(f"Don't know how to compile {src} to {obj}")
+                raise CompileError(f"Don't know how to compile {src} to {obj}") from e
 
             args = [self.cc] + compile_opts + pp_opts
             if add_cpp_opts:
@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ def compile(  # noqa: C901
             try:
                 self.spawn(args)
             except DistutilsExecError as msg:
-                raise CompileError(msg)
+                raise CompileError(msg) from msg
 
         return objects
 
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ def create_static_lib(
                 log.debug('Executing "%s" %s', self.lib, ' '.join(lib_args))
                 self.spawn([self.lib] + lib_args)
             except DistutilsExecError as msg:
-                raise LibError(msg)
+                raise LibError(msg) from msg
         else:
             log.debug("skipping %s (up-to-date)", output_filename)
 
@@ -507,7 +507,7 @@ def link(
                 log.debug('Executing "%s" %s', self.linker, ' '.join(ld_args))
                 self.spawn([self.linker] + ld_args)
             except DistutilsExecError as msg:
-                raise LinkError(msg)
+                raise LinkError(msg) from msg
         else:
             log.debug("skipping %s (up-to-date)", output_filename)
 

distutils/archive_util.py

@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ def make_zipfile(base_name, base_dir, verbose=0, dry_run=0):  # noqa: C901
 
         try:
             spawn(["zip", zipoptions, zip_filename, base_dir], dry_run=dry_run)
-        except DistutilsExecError:
+        except DistutilsExecError as e:
             # XXX really should distinguish between "couldn't find
             # external 'zip' command" and "zip failed".
             raise DistutilsExecError(
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ def make_zipfile(base_name, base_dir, verbose=0, dry_run=0):  # noqa: C901
                     "find a standalone zip utility"
                 )
                 % zip_filename
-            )
+            ) from e
 
     else:
         log.info("creating '%s' and adding '%s' to it", zip_filename, base_dir)
@@ -259,8 +259,8 @@ def make_archive(
 
     try:
         format_info = ARCHIVE_FORMATS[format]
-    except KeyError:
-        raise ValueError("unknown archive format '%s'" % format)
+    except KeyError as e:
+        raise ValueError("unknown archive format '%s'" % format) from e
 
     func = format_info[0]
     for arg, val in format_info[1]:

distutils/bcppcompiler.py

@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ def compile(  # noqa: C901
                 try:
                     self.spawn(["brcc32", "-fo", obj, src])
                 except DistutilsExecError as msg:
-                    raise CompileError(msg)
+                    raise CompileError(msg) from msg
                 continue  # the 'for' loop
 
             # The next two are both for the real compiler.
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ def compile(  # noqa: C901
                     + [src]
                 )
             except DistutilsExecError as msg:
-                raise CompileError(msg)
+                raise CompileError(msg) from msg
 
         return objects
 
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ def create_static_lib(
             try:
                 self.spawn([self.lib] + lib_args)
             except DistutilsExecError as msg:
-                raise LibError(msg)
+                raise LibError(msg) from msg
         else:
             log.debug("skipping %s (up-to-date)", output_filename)
 
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ def link(  # noqa: C901
             try:
                 self.spawn([self.linker] + ld_args)
             except DistutilsExecError as msg:
-                raise LinkError(msg)
+                raise LinkError(msg) from msg
 
         else:
             log.debug("skipping %s (up-to-date)", output_filename)
@@ -392,6 +392,6 @@ def preprocess(
                 self.spawn(pp_args)
             except DistutilsExecError as msg:
                 print(msg)
-                raise CompileError(msg)
+                raise CompileError(msg) from msg
 
     # preprocess()

distutils/ccompiler.py

@@ -969,8 +969,10 @@ def _make_out_path(self, output_dir, strip_dir, src_name):
         base = self._make_relative(base)
         try:
             new_ext = self.out_extensions[ext]
-        except LookupError:
-            raise UnknownFileError(f"unknown file type '{ext}' (from '{src_name}')")
+        except LookupError as e:
+            raise UnknownFileError(
+                f"unknown file type '{ext}' (from '{src_name}')"
+            ) from e
         if strip_dir:
             base = os.path.basename(base)
         return os.path.join(output_dir, base + new_ext)
@@ -1144,22 +1146,22 @@ def new_compiler(plat=None, compiler=None, verbose=0, dry_run=0, force=0):
             compiler = get_default_compiler(plat)
 
         (module_name, class_name, long_description) = compiler_class[compiler]
-    except KeyError:
+    except KeyError as e:
         msg = "don't know how to compile C/C++ code on platform '%s'" % plat
         if compiler is not None:
             msg = msg + " with '%s' compiler" % compiler
-        raise DistutilsPlatformError(msg)
+        raise DistutilsPlatformError(msg) from e
 
     try:
         module_name = "distutils." + module_name
         __import__(module_name)
         module = sys.modules[module_name]
         klass = vars(module)[class_name]
-    except ImportError:
+    except ImportError as e:
         raise DistutilsModuleError(
             "can't compile C/C++ code: unable to load module '%s'" % module_name
-        )
-    except KeyError:
+        ) from e
+    except KeyError as e:
         raise DistutilsModuleError(
             f"can't compile C/C++ code: unable to find class '{class_name}' "
             f"in module '{module_name}'"

distutils/command/bdist.py

@@ -117,11 +117,11 @@ def finalize_options(self):
         if self.formats is None:
             try:
                 self.formats = [self.default_format[os.name]]
-            except KeyError:
+            except KeyError as e:
                 raise DistutilsPlatformError(
                     "don't know how to create built distributions "
                     "on platform %s" % os.name
-                )
+                ) from e
 
         if self.dist_dir is None:
             self.dist_dir = "dist"
@@ -132,8 +132,8 @@ def run(self):
         for format in self.formats:
             try:
                 commands.append(self.format_commands[format][0])
-            except KeyError:
-                raise DistutilsOptionError("invalid format '%s'" % format)
+            except KeyError as e:
+                raise DistutilsOptionError("invalid format '%s'" % format) from e
 
         # Reinitialize and run each command.
         for i in range(len(self.formats)):

distutils/command/bdist_dumb.py

@@ -78,11 +78,11 @@ def finalize_options(self):
         if self.format is None:
             try:
                 self.format = self.default_format[os.name]
-            except KeyError:
+            except KeyError as e:
                 raise DistutilsPlatformError(
                     "don't know how to create dumb built distributions "
                     "on platform %s" % os.name
-                )
+                ) from e
 
         self.set_undefined_options(
             'bdist',

distutils/command/build.py

@@ -119,8 +119,8 @@ def finalize_options(self):  # noqa: C901
         if isinstance(self.parallel, str):
             try:
                 self.parallel = int(self.parallel)
-            except ValueError:
-                raise DistutilsOptionError("parallel should be an integer")
+            except ValueError as e:
+                raise DistutilsOptionError("parallel should be an integer") from e
 
     def run(self):
         # Run all relevant sub-commands.  This will be some subset of:

distutils/command/build_ext.py

@@ -289,8 +289,8 @@ def finalize_options(self):  # noqa: C901
         if isinstance(self.parallel, str):
             try:
                 self.parallel = int(self.parallel)
-            except ValueError:
-                raise DistutilsOptionError("parallel should be an integer")
+            except ValueError as e:
+                raise DistutilsOptionError("parallel should be an integer") from e
 
     def run(self):  # noqa: C901
         from ..ccompiler import new_compiler

distutils/command/build_py.py

@@ -64,8 +64,8 @@ def finalize_options(self):
             try:
                 self.optimize = int(self.optimize)
                 assert 0 <= self.optimize <= 2
-            except (ValueError, AssertionError):
-                raise DistutilsOptionError("optimize must be 0, 1, or 2")
+            except (ValueError, AssertionError) as e:
+                raise DistutilsOptionError("optimize must be 0, 1, or 2") from e
 
     def run(self):
         # XXX copy_file by default preserves atime and mtime.  IMHO this is

distutils/command/build_scripts.py

@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ def _validate_shebang(shebang, encoding):
         # the script encoding too.
         try:
             shebang.encode(encoding)
-        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+        except UnicodeEncodeError as e:
             raise ValueError(
                 f"The shebang ({shebang!r}) is not encodable "
                 f"to the script encoding ({encoding})"

distutils/command/check.py

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ def run(self):
                 try:
                     self.check_restructuredtext()
                 except TypeError as exc:
-                    raise DistutilsSetupError(str(exc))
+                    raise DistutilsSetupError(str(exc)) from exc
             elif self.strict:
                 raise DistutilsSetupError('The docutils package is needed.')
 

distutils/command/install.py

@@ -598,10 +598,10 @@ def finalize_other(self):
             self.install_base = self.install_platbase = self.prefix
             try:
                 self.select_scheme(os.name)
-            except KeyError:
+            except KeyError as e:
                 raise DistutilsPlatformError(
                     "I don't know how to install stuff on '%s'" % os.name
-                )
+                ) from e
 
     def select_scheme(self, name):
         _select_scheme(self, name)

distutils/command/install_lib.py

@@ -83,8 +83,8 @@ def finalize_options(self):
                 self.optimize = int(self.optimize)
                 if self.optimize not in (0, 1, 2):
                     raise AssertionError
-            except (ValueError, AssertionError):
-                raise DistutilsOptionError("optimize must be 0, 1, or 2")
+            except (ValueError, AssertionError) as e:
+                raise DistutilsOptionError("optimize must be 0, 1, or 2") from e
 
     def run(self):
         # Make sure we have built everything we need first

distutils/core.py

@@ -146,9 +146,11 @@ class found in 'cmdclass' is used in place of the default, which is
         _setup_distribution = dist = klass(attrs)
     except DistutilsSetupError as msg:
         if 'name' not in attrs:
-            raise SystemExit("error in setup command: %s" % msg)
+            raise SystemExit("error in setup command: %s" % msg) from msg
         else:
-            raise SystemExit("error in {} setup command: {}".format(attrs['name'], msg))
+            raise SystemExit(
+                "error in {} setup command: {}".format(attrs['name'], msg)
+            ) from msg
 
     if _setup_stop_after == "init":
         return dist
@@ -170,7 +172,7 @@ class found in 'cmdclass' is used in place of the default, which is
     try:
         ok = dist.parse_command_line()
     except DistutilsArgError as msg:
-        raise SystemExit(gen_usage(dist.script_name) + "\nerror: %s" % msg)
+        raise SystemExit(gen_usage(dist.script_name) + "\nerror: %s" % msg) from msg
 
     if DEBUG:
         print("options (after parsing command line):")
@@ -205,13 +207,13 @@ def run_commands(dist):
             sys.stderr.write(f"error: {exc}\n")
             raise
         else:
-            raise SystemExit(f"error: {exc}")
+            raise SystemExit(f"error: {exc}") from exc
 
     except (DistutilsError, CCompilerError) as msg:
         if DEBUG:
             raise
         else:
-            raise SystemExit("error: " + str(msg))
+            raise SystemExit("error: " + str(msg)) from msg
 
     return dist
 

distutils/cygwinccompiler.py

@@ -60,8 +60,8 @@ def get_msvcr():
         return
     try:
         return _msvcr_lookup[msc_ver]
-    except KeyError:
-        raise ValueError("Unknown MS Compiler version %s " % msc_ver)
+    except KeyError as e:
+        raise ValueError("Unknown MS Compiler version %s " % msc_ver) from e
 
 
 _runtime_library_dirs_msg = (
@@ -135,14 +135,14 @@ def _compile(self, obj, src, ext, cc_args, extra_postargs, pp_opts):
             try:
                 self.spawn(["windres", "-i", src, "-o", obj])
             except DistutilsExecError as msg:
-                raise CompileError(msg)
+                raise CompileError(msg) from msg
         else:  # for other files use the C-compiler
             try:
                 self.spawn(
                     self.compiler_so + cc_args + [src, '-o', obj] + extra_postargs
                 )
             except DistutilsExecError as msg:
-                raise CompileError(msg)
+                raise CompileError(msg) from msg
 
     def link(
         self,

distutils/dir_util.py

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ def mkpath(name, mode=0o777, verbose=1, dry_run=0):  # noqa: C901
                 if not (exc.errno == errno.EEXIST and os.path.isdir(head)):
                     raise DistutilsFileError(
                         f"could not create '{head}': {exc.args[-1]}"
-                    )
+                    ) from exc
             created_dirs.append(head)
 
         _path_created[abs_head] = 1
@@ -142,7 +142,9 @@ def copy_tree(  # noqa: C901
         if dry_run:
             names = []
         else:
-            raise DistutilsFileError(f"error listing files in '{src}': {e.strerror}")
+            raise DistutilsFileError(
+                f"error listing files in '{src}': {e.strerror}"
+            ) from e
 
     if not dry_run:
         mkpath(dst, verbose=verbose)