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type:: note | ||
tags:: Physics, Optics | ||
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- **光程** | ||
- 不同介质的折射率不同,则光传播相同时间的路程也不同。 | ||
- 一束光在真空中波长为 $\lambda$,在折射率为 $n$ 的介质中波长为 $\lambda'$,则 | ||
$$ | ||
\lambda'=\frac{\lambda}{n} | ||
$$ | ||
- 该光在介质中传播的路程为 $r$,相位差为 | ||
$$ | ||
\Delta\varphi=2\pi\frac{r}{\lambda'} | ||
$$ | ||
- 转换为真空中: | ||
$$ | ||
\Delta\varphi=2\pi\frac{nr}{n\lambda'}=2\pi\frac{nr}{\lambda} | ||
$$ | ||
- 即相同的相位差等效为在真空中传播了 $nr$,将其定义为光程,差值定义为光程差 $\delta$。 | ||
- **透镜成像** | ||
- 任何光线通过凸透镜后都与过光心的平行的光线相交于焦平面。 | ||
- 绘制一条光线的光路时,先作出平行且过光心的辅助光线,作出焦平面,找到交点,最后连接。 | ||
-  |
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type:: note | ||
tags:: Physics, Optics | ||
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- **杨氏双缝干涉** | ||
- **原理图** | ||
-  | ||
- **光程差分布** | ||
- 亮纹中心: $\delta=\pm k\lambda,k\in \mathrm N^*$ | ||
- 暗纹中心: $\delta=\pm\frac{2k-1}{2}\lambda,k\in \mathrm N^*$ | ||
- 光程差相同的点构成同一条干涉条纹。 | ||
- 相邻两条亮纹或暗纹之间的光程差的变化为 $\lambda$ 。 | ||
- **位置分布** | ||
- 亮纹中心: $x=\pm k\frac{D}{d}\lambda,k\in\mathrm N^*$ | ||
- 暗纹中心: $x=\pm \frac{2k-1}{2}\frac{D}{d}\lambda,k\in\mathrm N^*$ | ||
- 任意相邻两个条纹之间的距离 $\Delta x=\frac{D}{d}\lambda$ 。 |
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@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ | ||
type:: note | ||
tags:: Physics | ||
tags:: Physics, Oscillation | ||
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- **定义** | ||
- **基本概念** | ||
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