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feat: update at 2024/05/23 19:37
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oosquare committed May 23, 2024
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Binary file added assets/光学基础/lens-imaging.png
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22 changes: 22 additions & 0 deletions pages/光学基础.md
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type:: note
tags:: Physics, Optics

- **光程**
- 不同介质的折射率不同,则光传播相同时间的路程也不同。
- 一束光在真空中波长为 $\lambda$,在折射率为 $n$ 的介质中波长为 $\lambda'$,则
$$
\lambda'=\frac{\lambda}{n}
$$
- 该光在介质中传播的路程为 $r$,相位差为
$$
\Delta\varphi=2\pi\frac{r}{\lambda'}
$$
- 转换为真空中:
$$
\Delta\varphi=2\pi\frac{nr}{n\lambda'}=2\pi\frac{nr}{\lambda}
$$
- 即相同的相位差等效为在真空中传播了 $nr$,将其定义为光程,差值定义为光程差 $\delta$。
- **透镜成像**
- 任何光线通过凸透镜后都与过光心的平行的光线相交于焦平面。
- 绘制一条光线的光路时,先作出平行且过光心的辅助光线,作出焦平面,找到交点,最后连接。
- ![image.png](../assets/光学基础/lens-imaging.png)
15 changes: 15 additions & 0 deletions pages/光的干涉.md
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type:: note
tags:: Physics, Optics

- **杨氏双缝干涉**
- **原理图**
- ![](../assets/光的干涉/youngs-double-slit-interference.png)
- **光程差分布**
- 亮纹中心: $\delta=\pm k\lambda,k\in \mathrm N^*$
- 暗纹中心: $\delta=\pm\frac{2k-1}{2}\lambda,k\in \mathrm N^*$
- 光程差相同的点构成同一条干涉条纹。
- 相邻两条亮纹或暗纹之间的光程差的变化为 $\lambda$ 。
- **位置分布**
- 亮纹中心: $x=\pm k\frac{D}{d}\lambda,k\in\mathrm N^*$
- 暗纹中心: $x=\pm \frac{2k-1}{2}\frac{D}{d}\lambda,k\in\mathrm N^*$
- 任意相邻两个条纹之间的距离 $\Delta x=\frac{D}{d}\lambda$ 。
3 changes: 2 additions & 1 deletion pages/波动.md
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type:: note
tags:: Physics
tags:: Physics, Oscillation

- **波动**
- **定义**
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- 对于机械波,两种介质中,特性阻抗 $Z=\rho u$ 较大的为波密介质,较小的波疏介质。
- 波由波疏介质入射到波密介质上发生反射时,反射波相位会变化 $\pi$,即变化了半个波长。
- 由波密介质入射到波疏介质上不发生半波损失。
- 若形成驻波,则发生半波损失时反射处为波节,不发生时为波腹。
- 对于电磁波,也存在半波损失。发生条件类似,折射率大的为光密介质,小的为光疏介质。
2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion pages/简谐振动.md
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type:: note
tags:: Physics
tags:: Physics, Oscillation

- **定义**
- **基本概念**
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