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type:: note | ||
tags:: Mathematics, Calculus, Series | ||
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- **常数项级数** | ||
- **定义** | ||
- 对于数列 $\{a_n\}$,定义其常数项无穷级数为 | ||
$$ | ||
a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_n+\cdots=\sum_{n=1}^{+\infty}a_n | ||
$$ | ||
- 数列的前 $n$ 项和 $s_n$ 为级数的前 $n$ 项部分和。 | ||
- 若 $\lim\limits_{n\to +\infty}s_n=s$,则级数收敛,$s$ 为级数的和,$\sum\limits_{n=1}^{+\infty}=s$。否则级数发散。 | ||
- 当级数收敛时,定义余项为 $r_n=s-s_n$,则 $\lim\limits_{n\to+\infty}r_n=0$。 | ||
- **性质** | ||
- 如果级数 $\sum\limits_{n=1}^{+\infty}a_n$ 收敛,则 $\sum\limits_{n=1}^{+\infty}ka_n\ (k\ne 0)$ 也收敛。 | ||
- 如果级数每一项同乘一个不为 $0$ 的数,级数的敛散性不变。 | ||
- 如果 $\sum\limits_{n=1}^{+\infty}a_n=s,\sum\limits_{n=1}^{+\infty}b_n=t$,则 $\sum\limits_{n=1}^{+\infty}a_n\pm\sum\limits_{n=1}^{+\infty}b_n=s\pm v$。 | ||
- 如果 $\sum\limits_{n=1}^{+\infty}a_n$ 收敛,则 $\sum\limits_{n=k+1}^{+\infty}a_n\ (k\in\mathrm N^*)$ 也收敛。 | ||
- 级数去掉、加上、改变任意有限个项,级数的敛散性不变。 | ||
- 某数列的级数收敛,将数列中连续的项以任意方式结合得到新数列,则新数列的级数也收敛。 | ||
- 如果新级数发散,则原级数发散。 | ||
- 如果存在两种不同的结合方式,使新级数的和不同,则原级数发散。 | ||
- 级数收敛的必要条件:$\lim\limits_{n\to+\infty}a_n=0$。 |