Build, warning, header, and include fixes

[brodycj]

Checklist

• make -j8 test (UNIX [macOS]; Linux i386 & amd64) and vcbuild test nosign (.\vcbuild.bat nosign then .\vcbuild.bat test nosign nobuild as Administrator on Windows) PASS OK
• commit message follows commit guidelines

Additional item

• I hereby certify the statements in Developer's Certificate of Origin 1.1

Affected core subsystem(s)

build, crypto, dtrace, url, tls, other src

Description of change

General:

• Resolve warnings on Windows vcbuild (with noperfctr and new without-inspector/without-profiler options), Ubuntu Linux (i386/amd64), and macOS
• Cleanup node.h
• Other cleanup: remove NODE_WANT_INTERNALS and extra includes

This PR includes the changes I originally raised in #9757 & #9767.

Details of proposed changes:

• --without-profiler option to build with code related to v8-profiler.h disabled
• vcbuild.bat add without-inspector & without-profiler options
• url, crypto, dtrace, tls, and other src fixes to resolve warnings in src on macOS, Ubuntu Linux (i386), and Windows builds
• Fix DecodeBytes & DecodeWrite to return portable ptrdiff_t type according to TODO note by @tjfontaine
• Fix dependencies in node.h: remove conditional include node_internals.h, remove break in node namespace, etc.
• Remove NODE_WANT_INTERNALS from src and node.gyp files
• remove extra includes from src files

Other notes:

• On *nix (macOS/Linux) I seem to get a message that it could not find a "stdin-setrawmode.out" file but the test passes OK.
• I have to run the tests as Administrator for the symlink tests to pass.
• .\vcbuild.bat nosign noperfctr without-inspector without-profiler builds with zero warnings in src on Windows with these changes.
• If I build on macOS with -Wconversion I get a bunch of conversion warnings, even with the changes proposed here.
• Some changes are marked // TBD POSSIBLE DATA LOSS: since I think we should examine these conversions at some point. I would be happy to take some or all of these out if necessary.

I put all of these changes together since I think they are indirectly related and think they should be kept in the order proposed here. I kept the crypto and tls changes in separately marked commits. I would be happy to split this into multiple PRs as long as they are not merged out of order. I would also be happy to squash some of the commits and rebase if necessary.

TBD items for FUTURE consideration:

• Makefile remove CPPLINT_EXCLUDE += src/queue.h (no longer there)
• Include cpplint in Windows test
• Move src/tree.h to a deps` subdirectory (easier way to exclude it from cpplint)
• Move src/node_root_certs.h to a special subdirectory
• Automatically detect the conversion warnings on *nix (and resolve them in src)

[addaleax]

I would be happy to split this into multiple PRs as long as they are not merged out of order.

It would probably help quite a bit with the review process if you split this into independent PRs where that makes sense, yes

[brodycj]

Thanks @addaleax, my idea is to split this into 2 parts:

1. build/warning fixes
2. header fixes

In case part 1 becomes too big I can always split it again.

I would also like to wait for part 1 to be reviewed and landed before submitting part 2.

Closing for now, please respond if I should do this a different way.

[brodycj]

I lied. I just raised #10140, #10141, #10142, #10143, and #10145 to contribute the build and warning fixes in smaller pieces. I hope to see these reviewed soon. Once we deal with these changes then I would be happy to submit the header and include fixes.