Add option to query minimum set of ingesters

[charleskorn]

What this PR does

This PR adds experimental support for querying the minimal set of ingesters required to reach quorum.

With -querier.minimize-ingester-requests=false (the default), queriers behave as they do today: they send a request to all ingesters in the tenant's shard, wait until quorum is reached and then cancel any outstanding unnecessary requests.

With -querier.minimize-ingester-requests=true, queriers instead initially only send requests to the minimum number of ingesters required to reach quorum, and initiate requests to further ingesters if any of the initial requests fail. (If enough requests fail that quorum is impossible, all requests are cancelled as before, and no further requests are made.)

This reduces querier and ingester resource utilisation on the happy path, at the cost of increased latency on the unhappy path where one or more ingesters return an error, fail to respond, or respond slowly.

Which issue(s) this PR fixes or relates to

• ring: modify DoUntilQuorum to optionally only send the minimum number of requests required to reach quorum dskit#306
• Only use responses from a minimal set of ingesters when evaluating query results, and immediately cancel query requests to ingesters that we know we won't use #5016

Checklist

• Tests updated
• Documentation added
• CHANGELOG.md updated - the order of entries should be [CHANGE], [FEATURE], [ENHANCEMENT], [BUGFIX]