[8.x](backport #42705) feat: bump go version to 1.23

[mergify]

Proposed commit message

go 1.24 has been released and 1.22 is EOL

bump to a supported version of go

(there might be an argument to bump to 1.24 to help with fips compliance but I'll open a followup PR for that)

Checklist

• My code follows the style guidelines of this project
• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• I have made corresponding changes to the documentation
• I have made corresponding change to the default configuration files
• I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works
• I have added an entry in CHANGELOG.next.asciidoc or CHANGELOG-developer.next.asciidoc.

Disruptive User Impact

Author's Checklist

• [ ]

How to test this PR locally

Related issues

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Logs

---

This is an automatic backport of pull request #42705 done by [Mergify](https://mergify.com).

[mergify]

Cherry-pick of eafca95 has failed:

On branch mergify/bp/8.x/pr-42705
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/8.x'.

You are currently cherry-picking commit eafca9598.
  (fix conflicts and run "git cherry-pick --continue")
  (use "git cherry-pick --skip" to skip this patch)
  (use "git cherry-pick --abort" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)

Changes to be committed:
	modified:   .buildkite/metricbeat/pipeline.yml
	modified:   .buildkite/scripts/packaging/packaging.sh
	new file:   .buildkite/scripts/qemu.sh
	modified:   .buildkite/x-pack/pipeline.xpack.dockerlogbeat.yml
	modified:   .go-version
	modified:   .golangci.yml
	modified:   CHANGELOG.next.asciidoc
	modified:   auditbeat/Dockerfile
	modified:   dev-tools/kubernetes/filebeat/Dockerfile.debug
	modified:   dev-tools/kubernetes/heartbeat/Dockerfile.debug
	modified:   dev-tools/kubernetes/metricbeat/Dockerfile.debug
	modified:   dev-tools/mage/crossbuild.go
	modified:   go.mod
	modified:   heartbeat/Dockerfile
	modified:   metricbeat/Dockerfile
	modified:   metricbeat/module/http/_meta/Dockerfile
	modified:   metricbeat/module/nats/_meta/Dockerfile
	modified:   metricbeat/module/vsphere/_meta/Dockerfile
	modified:   packetbeat/Dockerfile
	modified:   x-pack/metricbeat/module/stan/_meta/Dockerfile

Unmerged paths:
  (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
	both modified:   libbeat/docs/version.asciidoc

To fix up this pull request, you can check it out locally. See documentation: https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/reviewing-changes-in-pull-requests/checking-out-pull-requests-locally

[elasticmachine]

Pinging @elastic/elastic-agent-control-plane (Team:Elastic-Agent-Control-Plane)

[elasticmachine]

Pinging @elastic/elastic-agent-data-plane (Team:Elastic-Agent-Data-Plane)

[AndersonQ]

let's wait #43042 to be fixed

[michel-laterman]

Needs #43066 to be merged