Reintroduce FNV hashing (#9721)

* Revert "Revert "Shorten UTD marker file (#9387)" except Microsoft.Common.Curr…"

This reverts commit 5af9301.

* Make FNV hash compatible across endianness

* Add StableStringHash intrinsic function overloads

src/Build.UnitTests/Evaluation/Expander_Tests.cs

@@ -3890,8 +3890,14 @@ public void PropertyStringConstructorConsumingItemMetadata(string metadatumName,
             result.ShouldBe(metadatumValue);
         }
 
-        [Fact]
-        public void PropertyFunctionHashCodeSameOnlyIfStringSame()
+        public static IEnumerable<object[]> GetHashAlgoTypes()
+            => Enum.GetNames(typeof(IntrinsicFunctions.StringHashingAlgorithm))
+                .Append(null)
+                .Select(t => new object[] { t });
+
+        [Theory]
+        [MemberData(nameof(GetHashAlgoTypes))]
+        public void PropertyFunctionHashCodeSameOnlyIfStringSame(string hashType)
         {
             PropertyDictionary<ProjectPropertyInstance> pg = new PropertyDictionary<ProjectPropertyInstance>();
             Expander<ProjectPropertyInstance, ProjectItemInstance> expander = new Expander<ProjectPropertyInstance, ProjectItemInstance>(pg, FileSystems.Default);
@@ -3906,8 +3912,9 @@ public void PropertyFunctionHashCodeSameOnlyIfStringSame()
                 "cat12s",
                 "cat1s"
             };
-            int[] hashes = stringsToHash.Select(toHash =>
-                (int)expander.ExpandPropertiesLeaveTypedAndEscaped($"$([MSBuild]::StableStringHash('{toHash}'))", ExpanderOptions.ExpandProperties, MockElementLocation.Instance))
+            string hashTypeString = hashType == null ? "" : $", '{hashType}'";
+            object[] hashes = stringsToHash.Select(toHash =>
+                expander.ExpandPropertiesLeaveTypedAndEscaped($"$([MSBuild]::StableStringHash('{toHash}'{hashTypeString}))", ExpanderOptions.ExpandProperties, MockElementLocation.Instance))
                 .ToArray();
             for (int a = 0; a < hashes.Length; a++)
             {
@@ -3925,6 +3932,33 @@ public void PropertyFunctionHashCodeSameOnlyIfStringSame()
             }
         }
 
+        [Theory]
+        [MemberData(nameof(GetHashAlgoTypes))]
+        public void PropertyFunctionHashCodeReturnsExpectedType(string hashType)
+        {
+            PropertyDictionary<ProjectPropertyInstance> pg = new PropertyDictionary<ProjectPropertyInstance>();
+            Expander<ProjectPropertyInstance, ProjectItemInstance> expander = new Expander<ProjectPropertyInstance, ProjectItemInstance>(pg, FileSystems.Default);
+            Type expectedType;
+
+            expectedType = hashType switch
+            {
+                null => typeof(int),
+                "Legacy" => typeof(int),
+                "Fnv1a32bit" => typeof(int),
+                "Fnv1a32bitFast" => typeof(int),
+                "Fnv1a64bit" => typeof(long),
+                "Fnv1a64bitFast" => typeof(long),
+                "Sha256" => typeof(string),
+                _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(hashType))
+            };
+
+
+            string hashTypeString = hashType == null ? "" : $", '{hashType}'";
+            object hashValue = expander.ExpandPropertiesLeaveTypedAndEscaped($"$([MSBuild]::StableStringHash('FooBar'{hashTypeString}))", ExpanderOptions.ExpandProperties, MockElementLocation.Instance);
+
+            hashValue.ShouldBeOfType(expectedType);
+        }
+
         [Theory]
         [InlineData("easycase")]
         [InlineData("")]

src/Build/Evaluation/Expander.cs

@@ -4162,6 +4162,11 @@ private bool TryExecuteWellKnownFunction(out object returnVal, object objectInst
                                 returnVal = IntrinsicFunctions.StableStringHash(arg0);
                                 return true;
                             }
+                            else if (TryGetArgs(args, out string arg1, out string arg2) && Enum.TryParse<IntrinsicFunctions.StringHashingAlgorithm>(arg2, true, out var hashAlgorithm))
+                            {
+                                returnVal = IntrinsicFunctions.StableStringHash(arg1, hashAlgorithm);
+                                return true;
+                            }
                         }
                         else if (string.Equals(_methodMethodName, nameof(IntrinsicFunctions.AreFeaturesEnabled), StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
                         {

src/Build/Evaluation/IntrinsicFunctions.cs

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 using Microsoft.Build.Shared;
 using Microsoft.Build.Shared.FileSystem;
 using Microsoft.Build.Utilities;
+using Microsoft.NET.StringTools;
 using Microsoft.Win32;
 
 // Needed for DoesTaskHostExistForParameters
@@ -397,12 +398,49 @@ internal static string ConvertFromBase64(string toDecode)
             return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(Convert.FromBase64String(toDecode));
         }
 
+        internal enum StringHashingAlgorithm
+        {
+            // Legacy way of calculating StableStringHash - which was derived from string GetHashCode
+            Legacy,
+            // FNV-1a 32bit hash
+            Fnv1a32bit,
+            // Custom FNV-1a 32bit hash - optimized for speed by hashing by the whole chars (not individual bytes)
+            Fnv1a32bitFast,
+            // FNV-1a 64bit hash
+            Fnv1a64bit,
+            // Custom FNV-1a 64bit hash - optimized for speed by hashing by the whole chars (not individual bytes)
+            Fnv1a64bitFast,
+            // SHA256 hash - gets the hex string of the hash (with no prefix)
+            Sha256
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
-        /// Hash the string independent of bitness and target framework.
+        /// Hash the string independent of bitness, target framework and default codepage of the environment.
         /// </summary>
-        internal static int StableStringHash(string toHash)
-        {
-            return CommunicationsUtilities.GetHashCode(toHash);
+        internal static object StableStringHash(string toHash)
+            => StableStringHash(toHash, StringHashingAlgorithm.Legacy);
+
+        internal static object StableStringHash(string toHash, StringHashingAlgorithm algo) =>
+            algo switch
+            {
+                StringHashingAlgorithm.Legacy => CommunicationsUtilities.GetHashCode(toHash),
+                StringHashingAlgorithm.Fnv1a32bit => FowlerNollVo1aHash.ComputeHash32(toHash),
+                StringHashingAlgorithm.Fnv1a32bitFast => FowlerNollVo1aHash.ComputeHash32Fast(toHash),
+                StringHashingAlgorithm.Fnv1a64bit => FowlerNollVo1aHash.ComputeHash64(toHash),
+                StringHashingAlgorithm.Fnv1a64bitFast => FowlerNollVo1aHash.ComputeHash64Fast(toHash),
+                StringHashingAlgorithm.Sha256 => CalculateSha256(toHash),
+                _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(algo), algo, null)
+            };
+
+        private static string CalculateSha256(string toHash)
+        {
+            var sha = System.Security.Cryptography.SHA256.Create();
+            var hashResult = new StringBuilder();
+            foreach (byte theByte in sha.ComputeHash(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(toHash)))
+            {
+                hashResult.Append(theByte.ToString("x2"));
+            }
+            return hashResult.ToString();
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/Build/Logging/BinaryLogger/BuildEventArgsWriter.cs

@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@
 using Microsoft.Build.Framework;
 using Microsoft.Build.Framework.Profiler;
 using Microsoft.Build.Shared;
+using Microsoft.Build.Utilities;
+using Microsoft.NET.StringTools;
 
 #nullable disable
 
@@ -1260,9 +1262,9 @@ private void Write(IExtendedBuildEventArgs extendedData)
 
         internal readonly struct HashKey : IEquatable<HashKey>
         {
-            private readonly ulong value;
+            private readonly long value;
 
-            private HashKey(ulong i)
+            private HashKey(long i)
             {
                 value = i;
             }
@@ -1275,13 +1277,13 @@ public HashKey(string text)
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    value = FnvHash64.GetHashCode(text);
+                    value = FowlerNollVo1aHash.ComputeHash64Fast(text);
                 }
             }
 
             public static HashKey Combine(HashKey left, HashKey right)
             {
-                return new HashKey(FnvHash64.Combine(left.value, right.value));
+                return new HashKey(FowlerNollVo1aHash.Combine64(left.value, right.value));
             }
 
             public HashKey Add(HashKey other) => Combine(this, other);
@@ -1311,35 +1313,5 @@ public override string ToString()
                 return value.ToString();
             }
         }
-
-        internal static class FnvHash64
-        {
-            public const ulong Offset = 14695981039346656037;
-            public const ulong Prime = 1099511628211;
-
-            public static ulong GetHashCode(string text)
-            {
-                ulong hash = Offset;
-
-                unchecked
-                {
-                    for (int i = 0; i < text.Length; i++)
-                    {
-                        char ch = text[i];
-                        hash = (hash ^ ch) * Prime;
-                    }
-                }
-
-                return hash;
-            }
-
-            public static ulong Combine(ulong left, ulong right)
-            {
-                unchecked
-                {
-                    return (left ^ right) * Prime;
-                }
-            }
-        }
     }
 }

src/StringTools/FowlerNollVo1aHash.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using System;
+
+namespace Microsoft.NET.StringTools
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Fowler/Noll/Vo hashing.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static class FowlerNollVo1aHash
+    {
+        // Fowler/Noll/Vo hashing.
+        // http://www.isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/fnv/
+        // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fowler%E2%80%93Noll%E2%80%93Vo_hash_function#FNV-1a_hash
+        // http://www.isthe.com/chongo/src/fnv/hash_32a.c
+
+        // 32 bit FNV prime and offset basis for FNV-1a.
+        private const uint fnvPrimeA32Bit = 16777619;
+        private const uint fnvOffsetBasisA32Bit = 2166136261;
+
+        // 64 bit FNV prime and offset basis for FNV-1a.
+        private const long fnvPrimeA64Bit = 1099511628211;
+        private const long fnvOffsetBasisA64Bit = unchecked((long)14695981039346656037);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Computes 32 bit Fowler/Noll/Vo-1a hash of a string (regardless of encoding).
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="text">String to be hashed.</param>
+        /// <returns>32 bit signed hash</returns>
+        public static int ComputeHash32(string text)
+        {
+            uint hash = fnvOffsetBasisA32Bit;
+
+            unchecked
+            {
+                for (int i = 0; i < text.Length; i++)
+                {
+                    char ch = text[i];
+                    byte b = (byte)ch;
+                    hash ^= b;
+                    hash *= fnvPrimeA32Bit;
+
+                    b = (byte)(ch >> 8);
+                    hash ^= b;
+                    hash *= fnvPrimeA32Bit;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return unchecked((int)hash);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Computes 32 bit Fowler/Noll/Vo-1a inspired hash of a string.
+        /// The hashing algorithm process the data by the whole 16bit chars, instead of by bytes.
+        ///  this speeds up the hashing process almost by 2x, while not significantly increasing collisions rate.
+        /// Analysis: https://github.com/KirillOsenkov/MSBuildStructuredLog/wiki/String-Hashing#faster-fnv-1a
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="text">String to be hashed.</param>
+        /// <returns>32 bit unsigned hash</returns>
+        public static int ComputeHash32Fast(string text)
+        {
+            uint hash = fnvOffsetBasisA32Bit;
+
+            unchecked
+            {
+                for (int i = 0; i < text.Length; i++)
+                {
+                    char ch = text[i];
+
+                    hash = (hash ^ ch) * fnvPrimeA32Bit;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return unchecked((int)hash);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Computes 64 bit Fowler/Noll/Vo-1a inspired hash of a string.
+        /// The hashing algorithm process the data by the whole 16bit chars, instead of by bytes.
+        ///  this speeds up the hashing process almost by 2x, while not significantly increasing collisions rate.
+        /// Analysis: https://github.com/KirillOsenkov/MSBuildStructuredLog/wiki/String-Hashing#faster-fnv-1a
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="text">String to be hashed.</param>
+        /// <returns>64 bit unsigned hash</returns>
+        public static long ComputeHash64Fast(string text)
+        {
+            long hash = fnvOffsetBasisA64Bit;
+
+            unchecked
+            {
+                for (int i = 0; i < text.Length; i++)
+                {
+                    char ch = text[i];
+
+                    hash = (hash ^ ch) * fnvPrimeA64Bit;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return hash;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Computes 64 bit Fowler/Noll/Vo-1a hash of a string (regardless of encoding).
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="text">String to be hashed.</param>
+        /// <returns>64 bit unsigned hash</returns>
+        public static long ComputeHash64(string text)
+        {
+            long hash = fnvOffsetBasisA64Bit;
+
+            unchecked
+            {
+                for (int i = 0; i < text.Length; i++)
+                {
+                    char ch = text[i];
+                    byte b = (byte)ch;
+                    hash ^= b;
+                    hash *= fnvPrimeA64Bit;
+
+                    b = (byte)(ch >> 8);
+                    hash ^= b;
+                    hash *= fnvPrimeA64Bit;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return hash;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Combines two 64 bit hashes generated by <see cref="FowlerNollVo1aHash"/> class into one.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="left">First hash value to be combined.</param>
+        /// <param name="right">Second hash value to be combined.</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static long Combine64(long left, long right)
+        {
+            unchecked
+            {
+                return (left ^ right) * fnvPrimeA64Bit;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}