refactor: Improve gc_dropped_table_by_id() method (#16528)

- Unify arguments using typed values:
  - Replace separate table id and name with &DBIdTableName
  - Use TableId type for table identification
- Reorganize method structure for better clarity and maintainability

src/meta/api/src/schema_api_impl.rs

@@ -2775,14 +2775,7 @@ impl<KV: kvapi::KVApi<Error = MetaError> + ?Sized> SchemaApi for KV {
                     tables: _,
                 } => gc_dropped_db_by_id(self, db_id, &req.tenant, db_name).await?,
                 DroppedId::Table { name, id } => {
-                    gc_dropped_table_by_id(
-                        self,
-                        &req.tenant,
-                        name.db_id,
-                        id.table_id,
-                        name.table_name.clone(),
-                    )
-                    .await?
+                    gc_dropped_table_by_id(self, &req.tenant, &name, &id).await?
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -3805,61 +3798,97 @@ async fn gc_dropped_db_by_id(
     Ok(())
 }
 
+/// Permanently remove a dropped table from the meta-service.
+///
+/// The data of the table should already have been removed before calling this method.
 async fn gc_dropped_table_by_id(
     kv_api: &(impl kvapi::KVApi<Error = MetaError> + ?Sized),
     tenant: &Tenant,
-    db_id: u64,
-    table_id: u64,
-    table_name: String,
+    db_id_table_name: &DBIdTableName,
+    table_id_ident: &TableId,
 ) -> Result<(), KVAppError> {
-    // first get TableIdList
-    let table_id_history_ident = TableIdHistoryIdent {
-        database_id: db_id,
-        table_name,
-    };
+    // First remove all copied files for the dropped table.
+    // These markers are not part of the table and can be removed in separate transactions.
+    remove_copied_files_for_dropped_table(kv_api, table_id_ident).await?;
 
-    let seq_id_list = kv_api.get_pb(&table_id_history_ident).await?;
+    let mut trials = txn_backoff(None, func_name!());
+    loop {
+        trials.next().unwrap()?.await;
+
+        let mut txn = TxnRequest::default();
+
+        // 1)
+        remove_data_for_dropped_table(kv_api, table_id_ident, &mut txn).await?;
+
+        // 2)
+        let table_id_history_ident = TableIdHistoryIdent {
+            database_id: db_id_table_name.db_id,
+            table_name: db_id_table_name.table_name.clone(),
+        };
+
+        update_txn_to_remove_table_history(
+            kv_api,
+            &mut txn,
+            &table_id_history_ident,
+            table_id_ident,
+        )
+        .await?;
+
+        // 3)
+        remove_index_for_dropped_table(kv_api, tenant, table_id_ident, &mut txn).await?;
+
+        let (succ, _responses) = send_txn(kv_api, txn).await?;
+
+        if succ {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Fill in condition and operations to TxnRequest to remove table history.
+///
+/// If the table history does not exist or does not include the table id, do nothing.
+///
+/// This function does not submit the txn.
+async fn update_txn_to_remove_table_history(
+    kv_api: &(impl kvapi::KVApi<Error = MetaError> + ?Sized),
+    txn: &mut TxnRequest,
+    table_id_history_ident: &TableIdHistoryIdent,
+    table_id_ident: &TableId,
+) -> Result<(), MetaError> {
+    let seq_id_list = kv_api.get_pb(table_id_history_ident).await?;
 
     let Some(seq_id_list) = seq_id_list else {
         return Ok(());
     };
 
     let seq = seq_id_list.seq;
-    let mut tb_id_list = seq_id_list.data;
+    let mut history = seq_id_list.data;
 
     // remove table_id from tb_id_list:
     {
-        let index = tb_id_list.id_list.iter().position(|&x| x == table_id);
-        let Some(index) = index else {
+        let table_id = table_id_ident.table_id;
+        let pos = history.id_list.iter().position(|&x| x == table_id);
+        let Some(index) = pos else {
             return Ok(());
         };
 
-        tb_id_list.id_list.remove(index);
+        history.id_list.remove(index);
     }
 
-    let mut txn = TxnRequest::default();
-
     // construct the txn request
     txn.condition.push(
         // condition: table id list not changed
-        txn_cond_eq_seq(&table_id_history_ident, seq),
+        txn_cond_eq_seq(table_id_history_ident, seq),
     );
 
-    if tb_id_list.id_list.is_empty() {
-        txn.if_then.push(txn_op_del(&table_id_history_ident));
+    if history.id_list.is_empty() {
+        txn.if_then.push(txn_op_del(table_id_history_ident));
     } else {
         // save new table id list
         txn.if_then
-            .push(txn_op_put_pb(&table_id_history_ident, &tb_id_list, None)?);
+            .push(txn_op_put_pb(table_id_history_ident, &history, None)?);
     }
-
-    let table_id_ident = TableId { table_id };
-    remove_copied_files_for_dropped_table(kv_api, &table_id_ident).await?;
-    remove_data_for_dropped_table(kv_api, &table_id_ident, &mut txn).await?;
-    remove_index_for_dropped_table(kv_api, tenant, &table_id_ident, &mut txn).await?;
-
-    let _resp = kv_api.transaction(txn).await?;
-
     Ok(())
 }