WS Cleanup Stage #5 - break long define

For long define statements put the replacement part on their own line.
Also wrap comments on long lines.

XSUB.h

@@ -386,7 +386,8 @@ Rethrows a previously caught exception.  See L<perlguts/"Exception Handling">.
            HS_CXT, __FILE__, "v" PERL_API_VERSION_STRING, XS_VERSION)
 #else
 /* should this be a #error? if you want both checked, you better supply XS_VERSION right? */
-#  define XS_BOTHVERSION_SETXSUBFN_POPMARK_BOOTCHECK XS_APIVERSION_SETXSUBFN_POPMARK_BOOTCHECK
+#  define XS_BOTHVERSION_SETXSUBFN_POPMARK_BOOTCHECK    \
+       XS_APIVERSION_SETXSUBFN_POPMARK_BOOTCHECK
 #endif
 
 /* For a normal bootstrap without API or XS version checking.

cop.h

@@ -531,14 +531,16 @@ string C<p>, creating the package if necessary.
        ((c)->cop_stashoff = (hv)    \
            ? alloccopstash(hv)      \
            : 0)
-#  define CopFILE_free(c)       (PerlMemShared_free(CopFILE(c)),(CopFILE(c) = NULL))
+#  define CopFILE_free(c)   \
+       (PerlMemShared_free(CopFILE(c)),(CopFILE(c) = NULL))
 
 #else /* Above: yes threads; Below no threads */
 
 #  define CopFILEGV(c)          ((c)->cop_filegv)
 #  define CopFILEGV_set(c,gv)   ((c)->cop_filegv = (GV*)SvREFCNT_inc(gv))
 #  define CopFILE_set(c,pv)     CopFILEGV_set((c), gv_fetchfile(pv))
-#  define CopFILE_setn(c,pv,l)  CopFILEGV_set((c), gv_fetchfile_flags((pv),(l),0))
+#  define CopFILE_setn(c,pv,l)  \
+       CopFILEGV_set((c), gv_fetchfile_flags((pv),(l),0))
 #  define CopFILESV(c)          (CopFILEGV(c) ? GvSV(CopFILEGV(c)) : NULL)
 #  define CopFILEAV(c)          (CopFILEGV(c) ? GvAV(CopFILEGV(c)) : NULL)
 #  ifdef DEBUGGING
@@ -552,7 +554,8 @@ string C<p>, creating the package if necessary.
            ? GvNAME(CopFILEGV(c))+2 : NULL)
 #  define CopSTASH(c)           ((c)->cop_stash)
 #  define CopSTASH_set(c,hv)    ((c)->cop_stash = (hv))
-#  define CopFILE_free(c)       (SvREFCNT_dec(CopFILEGV(c)),(CopFILEGV(c) = NULL))
+#  define CopFILE_free(c)   \
+       (SvREFCNT_dec(CopFILEGV(c)),(CopFILEGV(c) = NULL))
 
 #endif /* USE_ITHREADS */
 
@@ -683,7 +686,8 @@ by setting C<*flags> to 0 or C<SVf_UTF8>.
 
 #define CopLABEL(c)  Perl_cop_fetch_label(aTHX_ (c), NULL, NULL)
 #define CopLABEL_len(c,len)  Perl_cop_fetch_label(aTHX_ (c), len, NULL)
-#define CopLABEL_len_flags(c,len,flags)  Perl_cop_fetch_label(aTHX_ (c), len, flags)
+#define CopLABEL_len_flags(c,len,flags) \
+    Perl_cop_fetch_label(aTHX_ (c), len, flags)
 #define CopLABEL_alloc(pv)      ((pv)?savepv(pv):NULL)
 
 #define CopSTASH_ne(c,hv)       (!CopSTASH_eq(c,hv))
@@ -841,7 +845,8 @@ struct block_loop {
 
 #define CxLABEL(c)      (CopLABEL((c)->blk_oldcop))
 #define CxLABEL_len(c,len)      (CopLABEL_len((c)->blk_oldcop, len))
-#define CxLABEL_len_flags(c,len,flags)  ((const char *)CopLABEL_len_flags((c)->blk_oldcop, len, flags))
+#define CxLABEL_len_flags(c,len,flags)  \
+    ((const char *)CopLABEL_len_flags((c)->blk_oldcop, len, flags))
 #define CxHASARGS(c)    (((c)->cx_type & CXp_HASARGS) == CXp_HASARGS)
 
 /* CxLVAL(): the lval flags of the call site: the relevant flag bits from

cv.h

@@ -38,12 +38,14 @@ See L<perlguts/Autoloading with XSUBs>.
 #  define Nullcv Null(CV*)
 #endif
 
-#define CvSTASH(sv)     (MUTABLE_HV(((XPVCV*)MUTABLE_PTR(SvANY(sv)))->xcv_stash))
+#define CvSTASH(sv) \
+    (MUTABLE_HV(((XPVCV*)MUTABLE_PTR(SvANY(sv)))->xcv_stash))
 #define CvSTASH_set(cv,st) Perl_cvstash_set(aTHX_ cv, st)
 #define CvSTART(sv)     ((XPVCV*)MUTABLE_PTR(SvANY(sv)))->xcv_start_u.xcv_start
 #define CvROOT(sv)      ((XPVCV*)MUTABLE_PTR(SvANY(sv)))->xcv_root_u.xcv_root
 #define CvXSUB(sv)      ((XPVCV*)MUTABLE_PTR(SvANY(sv)))->xcv_root_u.xcv_xsub
-#define CvXSUBANY(sv)   ((XPVCV*)MUTABLE_PTR(SvANY(sv)))->xcv_start_u.xcv_xsubany
+#define CvXSUBANY(sv)   \
+    ((XPVCV*)MUTABLE_PTR(SvANY(sv)))->xcv_start_u.xcv_xsubany
 #define CvGV(sv)        Perl_CvGV(aTHX_ (CV *)(sv))
 #define CvGV_set(cv,gv) Perl_cvgv_set(aTHX_ cv, gv)
 #define CvHASGV(cv)     cBOOL(SvANY(cv)->xcv_gv_u.xcv_gv)

dosish.h

@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@
 #else
 #  define PERL_SYS_INIT_BODY(c,v)   \
        MALLOC_CHECK_TAINT2(*c,*v); PERLIO_INIT
-#  define BIT_BUCKET "\\dev\\nul" /* "wanna be like, umm, Newlined, or somethin?" */
+#  define BIT_BUCKET "\\dev\\nul" /* "wanna be like, umm, Newlined,
+                                     or somethin?" */
 #endif
 
 /* Generally add things last-in first-terminated.  IO and memory terminations

gv.h

@@ -54,9 +54,12 @@ struct gp {
               assert(SvTYPE(_gvname_hek) == SVt_PVGV || SvTYPE(_gvname_hek) >= SVt_PVLV);   \
               &(GvXPVGV(_gvname_hek)->xiv_u.xivu_namehek);                                  \
             }))
-#  define GvNAME_get(gv)        ({ assert(GvNAME_HEK(gv)); (char *)HEK_KEY(GvNAME_HEK(gv)); })
-#  define GvNAMELEN_get(gv)     ({ assert(GvNAME_HEK(gv)); HEK_LEN(GvNAME_HEK(gv)); })
-#  define GvNAMEUTF8(gv)        ({ assert(GvNAME_HEK(gv)); HEK_UTF8(GvNAME_HEK(gv)); })
+#  define GvNAME_get(gv)    \
+       ({ assert(GvNAME_HEK(gv)); (char *)HEK_KEY(GvNAME_HEK(gv)); })
+#  define GvNAMELEN_get(gv) \
+       ({ assert(GvNAME_HEK(gv)); HEK_LEN(GvNAME_HEK(gv)); })
+#  define GvNAMEUTF8(gv)    \
+       ({ assert(GvNAME_HEK(gv)); HEK_UTF8(GvNAME_HEK(gv)); })
 #else
 #  define GvGP(gv)      (0+(gv)->sv_u.svu_gp)
 #  define GvGP_set(gv,gp)       ((gv)->sv_u.svu_gp = (gp))
@@ -228,9 +231,11 @@ Return the CV from the GV.
                                    time, so don't try to free what's there.  */
 #define GV_ADDMULTI     0x02    /* add, pretending it has been added
                                    already; used also by gv_init_* */
-#define GV_ADDWARN      0x04    /* add, but warn if symbol wasn't already there */
+#define GV_ADDWARN      0x04 /* add, but warn if symbol wasn't
+                                already there */
                 /*      0x08       UNUSED */
-#define GV_NOINIT       0x10    /* add, but don't init symbol, if type != PVGV */
+#define GV_NOINIT       0x10 /* add, but don't init symbol,
+                                if type != PVGV */
 /* This is used by toke.c to avoid turing placeholder constants in the symbol
    table into full PVGVs with attached constant subroutines.  */
 #define GV_NOADD_NOINIT 0x20    /* Don't add the symbol if it's not there.
@@ -273,9 +278,12 @@ Return the CV from the GV.
 #define gv_fetchsv_nomg(n,f,t) gv_fetchsv(n,(f)|GV_NO_SVGMAGIC,t)
 #define gv_init(gv,stash,name,len,multi)    \
     gv_init_pvn(gv,stash,name,len,GV_ADDMULTI*cBOOL(multi))
-#define gv_fetchmeth(stash,name,len,level) gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, level, 0)
-#define gv_fetchmeth_autoload(stash,name,len,level) gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, name, len, level, 0)
-#define gv_fetchmethod_flags(stash,name,flags) gv_fetchmethod_pv_flags(stash, name, flags)
+#define gv_fetchmeth(stash,name,len,level)  \
+    gv_fetchmeth_pvn(stash, name, len, level, 0)
+#define gv_fetchmeth_autoload(stash,name,len,level) \
+    gv_fetchmeth_pvn_autoload(stash, name, len, level, 0)
+#define gv_fetchmethod_flags(stash,name,flags)  \
+    gv_fetchmethod_pv_flags(stash, name, flags)
 
 /*
 =for apidoc gv_autoload4

handy.h

@@ -457,7 +457,8 @@ Perl_xxx(aTHX_ ...) form for any API calls where it's used.
     Perl_sv_catxmlpvn(aTHX_ dsv, STR_WITH_LEN(str), utf8)
 
 
-#define lex_stuff_pvs(pv,flags) Perl_lex_stuff_pvn(aTHX_ STR_WITH_LEN(pv), flags)
+#define lex_stuff_pvs(pv,flags) \
+    Perl_lex_stuff_pvn(aTHX_ STR_WITH_LEN(pv), flags)
 
 #define get_cvs(str, flags) \
     Perl_get_cvn_flags(aTHX_ STR_WITH_LEN(str), (flags))
@@ -684,7 +685,8 @@ based on the underlying C library functions):
 #define strnNE(s1,s2,l) (strncmp(s1,s2,l) != 0)
 #define strnEQ(s1,s2,l) (strncmp(s1,s2,l) == 0)
 
-#define memEQ(s1,s2,l) (memcmp(((const void *) (s1)), ((const void *) (s2)), l) == 0)
+#define memEQ(s1,s2,l)  \
+    (memcmp(((const void *) (s1)), ((const void *) (s2)), l) == 0)
 #define memNE(s1,s2,l) (! memEQ(s1,s2,l))
 
 /* memEQ and memNE where second comparand is a string constant */
@@ -716,7 +718,8 @@ based on the underlying C library functions):
 #define memGT(s1,s2,l) (memcmp(s1,s2,l) > 0)
 #define memGE(s1,s2,l) (memcmp(s1,s2,l) >= 0)
 
-#define memCHRs(s1,c) ((const char *) memchr(ASSERT_IS_LITERAL(s1) , c, sizeof(s1)-1))
+#define memCHRs(s1,c)   \
+    ((const char *) memchr(ASSERT_IS_LITERAL(s1) , c, sizeof(s1)-1))
 
 /*
  * Character classes.
@@ -1638,7 +1641,8 @@ END_EXTERN_C
 #   define isPUNCT_A(c)  generic_isCC_A_(c, CC_PUNCT_)
 #   define isSPACE_A(c)  generic_isCC_A_(c, CC_SPACE_)
 #   define isWORDCHAR_A(c) generic_isCC_A_(c, CC_WORDCHAR_)
-#   define isXDIGIT_A(c)  generic_isCC_(c, CC_XDIGIT_) /* No non-ASCII xdigits */
+#   define isXDIGIT_A(c)  generic_isCC_(c, CC_XDIGIT_) /* No non-ASCII
+                                                          xdigits */
 #   define isIDFIRST_A(c) generic_isCC_A_(c, CC_IDFIRST_)
 #   define isALPHA_L1(c)  generic_isCC_(c, CC_ALPHA_)
 #   define isALPHANUMERIC_L1(c) generic_isCC_(c, CC_ALPHANUMERIC_)
@@ -2170,11 +2174,13 @@ END_EXTERN_C
 #define isPRINT_uvchr(c)      generic_invlist_uvchr_(CC_PRINT_, c)
 
 #define isPUNCT_uvchr(c)      generic_invlist_uvchr_(CC_PUNCT_, c)
-#define isSPACE_uvchr(c)      generic_uvchr_(CC_SPACE_, is_XPERLSPACE_cp_high, c)
+#define isSPACE_uvchr(c)    \
+    generic_uvchr_(CC_SPACE_, is_XPERLSPACE_cp_high, c)
 #define isPSXSPC_uvchr(c)     isSPACE_uvchr(c)
 
 #define isUPPER_uvchr(c)      generic_invlist_uvchr_(CC_UPPER_, c)
-#define isVERTWS_uvchr(c)     generic_uvchr_(CC_VERTSPACE_, is_VERTWS_cp_high, c)
+#define isVERTWS_uvchr(c)   \
+    generic_uvchr_(CC_VERTSPACE_, is_VERTWS_cp_high, c)
 #define isWORDCHAR_uvchr(c)   generic_invlist_uvchr_(CC_WORDCHAR_, c)
 #define isXDIGIT_uvchr(c)     generic_uvchr_(CC_XDIGIT_, is_XDIGIT_cp_high, c)
 
@@ -2715,7 +2721,8 @@ PoisonWith(0xEF) for catching access to freed memory.
 
 #define MEM_SIZE_MAX ((MEM_SIZE)-1)
 
-#define _PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP_UNCHECKED(n) (((n) - 1 + PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP_QUANTUM) & ~((MEM_SIZE)PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP_QUANTUM - 1))
+#define _PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP_UNCHECKED(n)   \
+    (((n) - 1 + PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP_QUANTUM) & ~((MEM_SIZE)PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP_QUANTUM - 1))
 
 #ifdef PERL_MALLOC_WRAP
 
@@ -2769,7 +2776,8 @@ PoisonWith(0xEF) for catching access to freed memory.
 
 #  define MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) MEM_WRAP_CHECK(n,t),
 
-#  define PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP(n) ((void)(((n) > MEM_SIZE_MAX - 2 * PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP_QUANTUM) ? (croak_memory_wrap(),0) : 0), _PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP_UNCHECKED(n))
+#  define PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP(n)    \
+       ((void)(((n) > MEM_SIZE_MAX - 2 * PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP_QUANTUM) ? (croak_memory_wrap(),0) : 0), _PERL_STRLEN_ROUNDUP_UNCHECKED(n))
 #else
 
 #  define MEM_WRAP_CHECK(n,t)
@@ -2829,9 +2837,12 @@ enum mem_log_type {
 #endif
 
 #ifdef PERL_MEM_LOG
-#define MEM_LOG_ALLOC(n,t,a)     Perl_mem_log_alloc(n,sizeof(t),STRINGIFY(t),a,__FILE__,__LINE__,FUNCTION__)
-#define MEM_LOG_REALLOC(n,t,v,a) Perl_mem_log_realloc(n,sizeof(t),STRINGIFY(t),v,a,__FILE__,__LINE__,FUNCTION__)
-#define MEM_LOG_FREE(a)          Perl_mem_log_free(a,__FILE__,__LINE__,FUNCTION__)
+#define MEM_LOG_ALLOC(n,t,a)    \
+    Perl_mem_log_alloc(n,sizeof(t),STRINGIFY(t),a,__FILE__,__LINE__,FUNCTION__)
+#define MEM_LOG_REALLOC(n,t,v,a)    \
+    Perl_mem_log_realloc(n,sizeof(t),STRINGIFY(t),v,a,__FILE__,__LINE__,FUNCTION__)
+#define MEM_LOG_FREE(a) \
+    Perl_mem_log_free(a,__FILE__,__LINE__,FUNCTION__)
 #endif
 
 #ifndef MEM_LOG_ALLOC
@@ -2844,9 +2855,12 @@ enum mem_log_type {
 #define MEM_LOG_FREE(a)          (a)
 #endif
 
-#define Newx(v,n,t)     (v = (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) (t*)MEM_LOG_ALLOC(n,t,safemalloc((MEM_SIZE)((n)*sizeof(t))))))
-#define Newxc(v,n,t,c)  (v = (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) (c*)MEM_LOG_ALLOC(n,t,safemalloc((MEM_SIZE)((n)*sizeof(t))))))
-#define Newxz(v,n,t)    (v = (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) (t*)MEM_LOG_ALLOC(n,t,safecalloc((n),sizeof(t)))))
+#define Newx(v,n,t) \
+    (v = (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) (t*)MEM_LOG_ALLOC(n,t,safemalloc((MEM_SIZE)((n)*sizeof(t))))))
+#define Newxc(v,n,t,c)  \
+    (v = (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) (c*)MEM_LOG_ALLOC(n,t,safemalloc((MEM_SIZE)((n)*sizeof(t))))))
+#define Newxz(v,n,t)    \
+    (v = (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) (t*)MEM_LOG_ALLOC(n,t,safecalloc((n),sizeof(t)))))
 
 #ifndef PERL_CORE
 /* pre 5.9.x compatibility */
@@ -2873,16 +2887,23 @@ enum mem_log_type {
 #define perl_assert_ptr(p) assert( ((void*)(p)) != 0 )
 
 
-#define Move(s,d,n,t)   (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) perl_assert_ptr(d), perl_assert_ptr(s), (void)memmove((char*)(d),(const char*)(s), (n) * sizeof(t)))
-#define Copy(s,d,n,t)   (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) perl_assert_ptr(d), perl_assert_ptr(s), (void)memcpy((char*)(d),(const char*)(s), (n) * sizeof(t)))
-#define Zero(d,n,t)     (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) perl_assert_ptr(d), (void)memzero((char*)(d), (n) * sizeof(t)))
+#define Move(s,d,n,t)   \
+    (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) perl_assert_ptr(d), perl_assert_ptr(s), (void)memmove((char*)(d),(const char*)(s), (n) * sizeof(t)))
+#define Copy(s,d,n,t)   \
+    (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) perl_assert_ptr(d), perl_assert_ptr(s), (void)memcpy((char*)(d),(const char*)(s), (n) * sizeof(t)))
+#define Zero(d,n,t) \
+    (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) perl_assert_ptr(d), (void)memzero((char*)(d), (n) * sizeof(t)))
 
 /* Like above, but returns a pointer to 'd' */
-#define MoveD(s,d,n,t)  (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) perl_assert_ptr(d), perl_assert_ptr(s), memmove((char*)(d),(const char*)(s), (n) * sizeof(t)))
-#define CopyD(s,d,n,t)  (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) perl_assert_ptr(d), perl_assert_ptr(s), memcpy((char*)(d),(const char*)(s), (n) * sizeof(t)))
-#define ZeroD(d,n,t)    (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) perl_assert_ptr(d), memzero((char*)(d), (n) * sizeof(t)))
-
-#define PoisonWith(d,n,t,b)     (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) (void)memset((char*)(d), (U8)(b), (n) * sizeof(t)))
+#define MoveD(s,d,n,t)  \
+    (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) perl_assert_ptr(d), perl_assert_ptr(s), memmove((char*)(d),(const char*)(s), (n) * sizeof(t)))
+#define CopyD(s,d,n,t)  \
+    (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) perl_assert_ptr(d), perl_assert_ptr(s), memcpy((char*)(d),(const char*)(s), (n) * sizeof(t)))
+#define ZeroD(d,n,t)    \
+    (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) perl_assert_ptr(d), memzero((char*)(d), (n) * sizeof(t)))
+
+#define PoisonWith(d,n,t,b) \
+    (MEM_WRAP_CHECK_(n,t) (void)memset((char*)(d), (U8)(b), (n) * sizeof(t)))
 #define PoisonNew(d,n,t)        PoisonWith(d,n,t,0xAB)
 #define PoisonFree(d,n,t)       PoisonWith(d,n,t,0xEF)
 #define Poison(d,n,t)           PoisonFree(d,n,t)

hv.h

@@ -25,11 +25,13 @@
 #       define USE_PERL_PERTURB_KEYS        1
 #       define PL_HASH_RAND_BITS_ENABLED    PL_hash_rand_bits_enabled
 #   endif
-#   define PERL_HASH_ITER_BUCKET(iter)      (((iter)->xhv_riter) ^ ((iter)->xhv_rand))
+#   define PERL_HASH_ITER_BUCKET(iter)  \
+        (((iter)->xhv_riter) ^ ((iter)->xhv_rand))
 #endif
 
 #ifdef PERL_USE_UNSHARED_KEYS_IN_LARGE_HASHES
-#define LARGE_HASH_HEURISTIC(hv,new_max) S_large_hash_heuristic(aTHX_ (hv), (new_max))
+#define LARGE_HASH_HEURISTIC(hv,new_max)    \
+    S_large_hash_heuristic(aTHX_ (hv), (new_max))
 #else
 #define LARGE_HASH_HEURISTIC(hv,new_max) 0
 #endif
@@ -366,8 +368,10 @@ whether it is valid to call C<HvAUX()>.
 #define HvUSEDKEYS(hv)          (HvTOTALKEYS(hv) - HvPLACEHOLDERS_get(hv))
 #define HvTOTALKEYS(hv)         (((XPVHV*) SvANY(hv))->xhv_keys)
 #define HvPLACEHOLDERS(hv)      (*Perl_hv_placeholders_p(aTHX_ MUTABLE_HV(hv)))
-#define HvPLACEHOLDERS_get(hv)  (SvMAGIC(hv) ? Perl_hv_placeholders_get(aTHX_ (const HV *)hv) : 0)
-#define HvPLACEHOLDERS_set(hv,p)        Perl_hv_placeholders_set(aTHX_ MUTABLE_HV(hv), p)
+#define HvPLACEHOLDERS_get(hv)  \
+    (SvMAGIC(hv) ? Perl_hv_placeholders_get(aTHX_ (const HV *)hv) : 0)
+#define HvPLACEHOLDERS_set(hv,p)    \
+    Perl_hv_placeholders_set(aTHX_ MUTABLE_HV(hv), p)
 
 /* This (now) flags whether *new* keys in the hash will be allocated from the
  * shared string table. We have a heuristic to call HvSHAREKEYS_off() if a hash
@@ -481,7 +485,8 @@ whether it is valid to call C<HvAUX()>.
 #define HV_ITERNEXT_WANTPLACEHOLDERS    0x01    /* Don't skip placeholders.  */
 
 #define hv_iternext(hv) hv_iternext_flags(hv, 0)
-#define hv_magic(hv, gv, how) sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(hv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), how, NULL, 0)
+#define hv_magic(hv, gv, how)   \
+    sv_magic(MUTABLE_SV(hv), MUTABLE_SV(gv), how, NULL, 0)
 #define hv_undef(hv) Perl_hv_undef_flags(aTHX_ hv, 0)
 
 #define Perl_sharepvn(pv, len, hash) HEK_KEY(share_hek(pv, len, hash))