Healthcare-Quality-and-Expenses-Analysis

Problem Statement

• To analyse the Healthcare System of the country and determine various factors that impact the Healthcare Quality and Expenses
• Understand how to minimize the Health Expenses while improving or maintaining the same Healthcare Quality.
• Providing insights to policymakers, healthcare officials, governments for effective decision making.

Data Collection

• Collected the data from OCED and WHO websites of 39 countries over 2010-16 years

Sources

• OECD - https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx
• WHO - https://www.who.int/gho/database/en/

Variables considered

1. Health Resources

    a. Hospitals
    b. Hospital Employment
    c. Total Equipment
    d. Medical Graduates
    e. Nurse Graduates

2. Health Quality

    a. Death by respiratory disease
    b. Death by circulatory disease
    c. Death by Cancer
    d. Death by accidents
    a. Mean Schooling years

3. Social Factors

    a. Mean Schooling years
    b. Population Structure (Age>65)

4. Economic Factors

    a. Expenditure per capita

5. Medical Procedures

    a. Diagnostic Exams

6. Insurance

    a. Public Insurance
    b. private Insurance

Data Cleaning

• Imputed the null values based on the characteristic of the respective country and yeear over year change.

Exploratory Data Analysis

Distribution of the Health_Expenditure and Life Expectancy

Correlation Plot

Health Expenditure vs Life Expectancy

Model Building

As this is a multi-level data with lower level as time(years), we built the below mentioned Panel regression models using the plm packages

• pooling model as a baseline model
• Fixed effects
• Random effects

Insights and recommendation

Impact of variables on Health Quality

postive effect on Health Quality

• Number of hospitals
• Medical graduates,
• Nurse graduates ,

Negative effect on Health Quality

• while deaths by any diseases

Quantitative effects

Impact of variables on Health Expenses

Postive effect on Health Expenses

• Public Insurance
• Hospitals

Negative effect on Health Expenses

• private insurance

Quantitative effects

Code and Resources Used

R packages :

• Stargazer
• Plm
• Pheatmap

References

1. Data Collection, OECD- https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx
2. Data Collection, WHO https://www.who.int/gho/database/en/
3. Panel Data Modelling - Panel Data Analysis Fixed & Random Effects - Oscar Torres-Reyna
4. Panel Data Modelling- Practical Guides To Panel Data Modeling: A Step by Step Analysis Using Stata , Hun Myoung Park, Ph.D
5. Explaining Fixed Effects: Random Effects Modeling of Time-Series Cross-Sectional and Panel Data- Andrew Bell, Kelvyn Jones�6) Dormont, B., Grignon, M. & Huber, H., 2006. Health expenditure growth: reassessing the threat of ageing. Health Economics, 15(9), pp.947-963.
6. Dreger, C. & Reimers, H.E., 2005. Health care expenditures in OECD countries: a panel unit root and cointegration analysis.
7. Steingrímsdóttir, Ó.A., Næss, Ø., Moe, J.O. et al. Trends in life expectancy by education in Norway 1961–2009. Eur J Epidemiol 27, 163–171 (2012).
8. Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 .
9. https://www.who.int/health_financing/documents/report_en_11_deter-he.pd