Add LowerBounded and UpperBounded typeclasses

[izeigerman]

Implements #1536
This is implementation of the 1st step suggested by @kailuowang in #2910 (comment) .
Instances for the following types will be added in a follow-up PR and merged once the 2.11 support is dropped in the master branch: all Tuples, Option, Either, List, Queue, Set, Stream/LazyList, Vector
CC: @LukaJCB

[codecov-io]

Codecov Report

❗ No coverage uploaded for pull request base (master@207bb0d). Click here to learn what that means.
The diff coverage is 96.55%.

@@            Coverage Diff            @@
##             master    #2913   +/-   ##
=========================================
  Coverage          ?   94.24%           
=========================================
  Files             ?      367           
  Lines             ?     6998           
  Branches          ?      198           
=========================================
  Hits              ?     6595           
  Misses            ?      403           
  Partials          ?        0

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
kernel/src/main/scala/cats/kernel/Bounded.scala	0% <0%> (ø)
...cala/cats/kernel/instances/DurationInstances.scala	100% <100%> (ø)
.../src/main/scala/cats/kernel/laws/BoundedLaws.scala	100% <100%> (ø)
.../scala/cats/kernel/instances/StringInstances.scala	100% <100%> (ø)
.../scala/cats/kernel/instances/SymbolInstances.scala	100% <100%> (ø)
core/src/main/scala/cats/data/Const.scala	100% <100%> (ø)
...ats/kernel/instances/FiniteDurationInstances.scala	100% <100%> (ø)
...in/scala/cats/kernel/instances/UnitInstances.scala	100% <100%> (ø)
...in/scala/cats/kernel/instances/UUIDInstances.scala	100% <100%> (ø)
...ain/scala/cats/kernel/instances/IntInstances.scala	100% <100%> (ø)
... and 6 more

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[kailuowang]

LGTM, Thanks so much!