webpack和Lint等很多的工具和库的核心都是通过Abstract Syntax Tree抽象语法树这个概念来实现对代码的检查、分析等操作的。通过了解抽象语法树这个概念,你也可以随手编写类似的工具
1、代码语法的检查、代码风格的检查、代码的格式化、代码的高亮、代码错误提示、代码自动补全等等
如JSLint、JSHint对代码错误或风格的检查,发现一些潜在的错误
IDE的错误提示、格式化、高亮、自动补全等等
2、代码混淆压缩
UglifyJS2等
优化变更代码,改变代码结构使达到想要的结构
3、代码打包工具webpack、rollup等等
CommonJS、AMD、CMD、UMD等代码规范之间的转化
CoffeeScript、TypeScript、JSX等转化为原生Javascript
这些工具的原理都是通过JavaScript Parser把代码转化为一颗抽象语法树(AST),这颗树定义了代码的结构,通过操纵这颗树,我们可以精准的定位到声明语句、赋值语句、运算语句等等,实现对代码的分析、优化、变更等操作
在计算机科学中,抽象语法树(abstract syntax tree或者缩写为AST),或者语法树(syntax tree),是源代码的抽象语法结构的树状表现形式,这里特指编程语言的源代码。
Javascript的语法是为了给开发者更好的编程而设计的,但是不适合程序的理解。所以需要转化为AST来更适合程序分析,浏览器编译器一般会把源码转化为AST来进行进一步的分析等其他操作。
JavaScript Parser,把js源码转化为抽象语法树的解析器。
浏览器会把js源码通过解析器转为抽象语法树,再进一步转化为字节码或直接生成机器码。
一般来说每个js引擎都会有自己的抽象语法树格式,Chrome的v8引擎,firefox的SpiderMonkey引擎等等,MDN提供了详细SpiderMonkey AST format的详细说明,算是业界的标准。
esprima traceur acorn shift
通过 esprima 把源码转化为AST
通过 estraverse 遍历并更新AST
通过 escodegen 将AST重新生成源码
astexplorer
cnpm i esprima estraverse escodegen- S
let esprima = require('esprima');
var estraverse = require('estraverse');
var escodegen = require("escodegen");
let code = 'function ast(){}';
let ast=esprima.parse(code);
let indent=0;
function pad() {
return ' '.repeat(indent);
}
estraverse.traverse(ast,{
enter(node) {
console.log(pad()+node.type);
if(node.type == 'FunctionDeclaration'){
node.id.name = 'ast_rename';
}
indent+=2;
},
leave(node) {
indent-=2;
console.log(pad()+node.type);
}
});
let generated = escodegen.generate(ast);
console.log(generated);
Program
FunctionDeclaration
Identifier
Identifier
BlockStatement
BlockStatement
FunctionDeclaration
Program
访问者模式Visitor 对于某个对象或者一组对象,不同的访问者,产生的结果不同,执行操作也不同
@babel/core
babel-types
babel-types-api
Babel 插件手册
babeljs.io
babel-plugin-transform-es2015-arrow-functions
转换前
const sum = (a,b)=>a+b
var sum = function sum(a, b) {
return a + b;
};
let babel = require('@babel/core');
let t = require('babel-types');
const code = `const sum = (a,b)=>a+b`;
// path.node 父节点
// path.parentPath 父路径
let transformArrowFunctions = {
visitor: {
ArrowFunctionExpression: (path, state) => {
let node = path.node;
let id = path.parent.id;
let params = node.params;
let body=t.blockStatement([
t.returnStatement(node.body)
]);
let functionExpression = t.functionExpression(id,params,body,false,false);
path.replaceWith(functionExpression);
}
}
}
const result = babel.transform(code, {
plugins: [transformArrowFunctions]
});
console.log(result.code);
转换前
const result = 1 + 2;
const result = 3;
let babel = require('@babel/core');
let t=require('babel-types');
let preCalculator={
visitor: {
BinaryExpression(path) {
let node=path.node;
let left=node.left;
let operator=node.operator;
let right=node.right;
if (!isNaN(left.value) && !isNaN(right.value)) {
let result=eval(left.value+operator+right.value);
path.replaceWith(t.numericLiteral(result));
if (path.parent&& path.parent.type == 'BinaryExpression') {
preCalculator.visitor.BinaryExpression.call(null,path.parentPath);
}
}
}
}
}
const result = babel.transform('const sum = 1+2+3',{
plugins:[
preCalculator
]
});
console.log(result.code);
babel-plugin-transform-es2015-classes es6
class Person {
constructor(name) {
this.name=name;
}
getName() {
return this.name;
}
}
function Person(name) {
this.name=name;
}
Person.prototype.getName=function () {
return this.name;
}
let babel = require('@babel/core');
let t=require('babel-types');
let source=`
class Person {
constructor(name) {
this.name=name;
}
getName() {
return this.name;
}
}
`;
let ClassPlugin={
visitor: {
ClassDeclaration(path) {
let node=path.node;
let id=node.id;
let constructorFunction = t.functionDeclaration(id,[],t.blockStatement([]),false,false);
let methods=node.body.body;
let functions = [];
methods.forEach(method => {
if (method.kind == 'constructor') {
constructorFunction = t.functionDeclaration(id,method.params,method.body,false,false);
functions.push(constructorFunction);
} else {
let memberObj=t.memberExpression(t.memberExpression(id,t.identifier('prototype')),method.key);
let memberFunction = t.functionExpression(id,method.params,method.body,false,false);
let assignment = t.assignmentExpression('=',memberObj,memberFunction);
functions.push(assignment);
}
});
if (functions.length ==1) {
path.replaceWith(functions[0]);
} else {
path.replaceWithMultiple(functions);
}
}
}
}
const result = babel.transform(source,{
plugins:[
ClassPlugin
]
});
console.log(result.code);
var babel = require("@babel/core");
let { transform } = require("@babel/core");
lodashjs babel-core babel-plugin-import
import { flatten,concat } from "lodash"
import flatten from "lodash/flatten";
import concat from "lodash/flatten";
cnpm i webpack webpack-cli -D
const path=require('path');
module.exports={
mode:'development',
entry: './src/index.js',
output: {
path: path.resolve('dist'),
filename:'bundle.js'
},
module: {
rules: [
{
test: /\.js$/,
use: {
loader: 'babel-loader',
options: {
plugins:[['import',{library:'lodash'}]]
}
}
}
]
}
}
编译顺序为首先plugins从左往右,然后presets从右往左
babel-plugin-import.js放置在node_modules目录下
let babel = require('@babel/core');
let types = require('babel-types');
const visitor = {
ImportDeclaration:{
enter(path,state={opts}){
const specifiers = path.node.specifiers;
const source = path.node.source;
if(state.opts.library == source.value && !types.isImportDefaultSpecifier(specifiers[0])){
const declarations = specifiers.map((specifier,index)=>{
return types.ImportDeclaration(
[types.importDefaultSpecifier(specifier.local)],
types.stringLiteral(`${source.value}/${specifier.local.name}`)
)
});
path.replaceWithMultiple(declarations);
}
}
}
}
module.exports = function(babel){
return {
visitor
}
}