chore(ci): speed up docker-build workflow

[sljeff]

Close #796 after merge @davidtaikocha @mask-pp

Results

A complete build and push operation took only 2m18s. And there are Docker images

(It took more than 17 minutes before this PR)

Changes

Optimizations:

1. Added build cache and mod cache, which can reduce the compilation time by approximately three minutes.
   • Utilized actions/cache@v3.
2. Switched to cross-compilation on the actions runner, avoiding the use of qemu in containers, thus reducing at least 10 minutes of compilation time for the arm64 version.
   • Added build-arm in the Makefile.
   • Before executing build-arm in the build-binary job, it's necessary to install dependencies for cross-compilation.

Other Changes:

1. Following Docker's official documentation to merge multi-platform builds into a single image, automatically differentiating between platforms. Docker Multi-Platform Build Documentation
2. Added a ci.dockerfile specifically for adding binary files.

Details

1. The first binary compilation took 4m, and subsequent compilations took just over a minute.
2. The compiled image supports two architectures: Docker image
3. Both arm64 and amd64 binaries run smoothly.