v1.17: Allow Blockstore to open unknown columns (backport of #34174)

[mergify]

This is an automatic backport of pull request #34174 done by Mergify.
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[steviez]

I tested the initial PR, but as additional check, I had been running validator with tip of master and just switched it over to this branch. As expected, I see this log and things open just fine:

[2023-11-30T20:46:51.654401895Z INFO  solana_ledger::blockstore_db] Detected unknown column merkle_root_meta, opening column with basic options

Going to let it catch up / run for a while, and then switch back to tip of master

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #34287 (13ceb08) into v1.17 (a55711d) will increase coverage by 0.0%.
The diff coverage is 100.0%.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##            v1.17   #34287   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage    81.8%    81.8%           
=======================================
  Files         803      803           
  Lines      218021   218064   +43     
=======================================
+ Hits       178427   178476   +49     
+ Misses      39594    39588    -6     

[willhickey]

[steviez]

Adding the original reviewers + Will to this.

I'd like to backport this PR to v1.17. It creates backwards compatibility when new columns are added to the Blockstore. The original PR stemmed from a new column getting added to master in what will become v1.18. There is some relevant discussion in #releng Discord channel starting from below when Ashwin proposed adding the new column:
https://discord.com/channels/428295358100013066/910937142182682656/1173668574095757402

Namely, we were previously going to backport "stub" column PR's to the release branches. But, PR provides a more general solution in that it can account for any new columns that are added.

[CriesofCarrots]

I am in favor of this backport, and the changes look correct to me