docs: Change links to label refs (python#98454)

Co-authored-by: C.A.M. Gerlach <CAM.Gerlach@Gerlach.CAM>
(cherry picked from commit 268129a)

Doc/howto/clinic.rst

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 .. highlight:: c
 
+.. _howto-clinic:
+
 **********************
 Argument Clinic How-To
 **********************

Doc/howto/isolating-extensions.rst

@@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ Module State Access from Slot Methods, Getters and Setters
 
    .. After adding to limited API:
 
-      If you use the `limited API <https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/stable.html>__,
+      If you use the :ref:`limited API <stable>,
       you must update ``Py_LIMITED_API`` to ``0x030b0000``, losing ABI
       compatibility with earlier versions.
 

Doc/library/dataclasses.rst

@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ Module contents
     .. versionchanged:: 3.11
        If a field name is already included in the ``__slots__``
        of a base class, it will not be included in the generated ``__slots__``
-       to prevent `overriding them <https://docs.python.org/3/reference/datamodel.html#notes-on-using-slots>`_.
+       to prevent :ref:`overriding them <datamodel-note-slots>`.
        Therefore, do not use ``__slots__`` to retrieve the field names of a
        dataclass. Use :func:`fields` instead.
        To be able to determine inherited slots,

Doc/reference/datamodel.rst

@@ -1904,6 +1904,8 @@ Attribute lookup speed can be significantly improved as well.
    and *__weakref__* for each instance.
 
 
+.. _datamodel-note-slots:
+
 Notes on using *__slots__*
 """"""""""""""""""""""""""
 

Doc/using/venv-create.inc

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ re-used.
 
 .. deprecated:: 3.6
    ``pyvenv`` was the recommended tool for creating virtual environments for
-   Python 3.3 and 3.4, and is `deprecated in Python 3.6
-   <https://docs.python.org/dev/whatsnew/3.6.html#id8>`_.
+   Python 3.3 and 3.4, and is
+   :ref:`deprecated in Python 3.6 <whatsnew36-venv>`.
 
 .. versionchanged:: 3.5
    The use of ``venv`` is now recommended for creating virtual environments.

Doc/whatsnew/2.2.rst

@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ This section has just been a quick overview of the new features, giving enough
 of an explanation to start you programming, but many details have been
 simplified or ignored.  Where should you go to get a more complete picture?
 
-https://docs.python.org/dev/howto/descriptor.html is a lengthy tutorial introduction to
+The :ref:`descriptorhowto` is a lengthy tutorial introduction to
 the descriptor features, written by Guido van Rossum. If my description has
 whetted your appetite, go read this tutorial next, because it goes into much
 more detail about the new features while still remaining quite easy to read.

Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst

@@ -2052,6 +2052,8 @@ tkinter
 The :mod:`tkinter.tix` module is now deprecated.  :mod:`tkinter` users
 should use :mod:`tkinter.ttk` instead.
 
+.. _whatsnew36-venv:
+
 venv
 ~~~~
 

Doc/whatsnew/3.8.rst

@@ -122,8 +122,8 @@ Positional-only parameters
 There is a new function parameter syntax ``/`` to indicate that some
 function parameters must be specified positionally and cannot be used as
 keyword arguments.  This is the same notation shown by ``help()`` for C
-functions annotated with Larry Hastings' `Argument Clinic
-<https://docs.python.org/3/howto/clinic.html>`_ tool.
+functions annotated with Larry Hastings'
+:ref:`Argument Clinic <howto-clinic>` tool.
 
 In the following example, parameters *a* and *b* are positional-only,
 while *c* or *d* can be positional or keyword, and *e* or *f* are

Misc/NEWS.d/3.9.0a3.rst

@@ -805,8 +805,7 @@ event loop only if called from the main thread.
 .. section: Documentation
 
 Add an entry for ``__module__`` in the "function" & "method" sections of the
-`inspect docs types and members table
-<https://docs.python.org/3/library/inspect.html#types-and-members>`_
+:mod:`inspect` docs' :ref:`inspect-types` table.
 
 ..