The comparison can be performed on the raw bytes, as the chars can
only match if their UTF8 encoding matches.

This avoids the `is_char_boundary` checks and translates to a straight
`u8` slice comparison which is optimized to a memcmp or inline
comparison where appropriate.

This enables constant folding when matching a literal char.

Fixes rust-lang#41993.

.gitignore should not ignore files that exist in the repository. The
ignore of .cargo applies to the committed .cargo directory used in an
example:

$ git ls-files --exclude-standard --ignored
src/test/run-make/thumb-none-qemu/example/.cargo/config

Explicitly un-ignore that file.

Make Layout::new const

This seems like a reasonable change to make. If we don't provide `Layout::new::<T>` as `const`, then users can just instead do the more error prone `Layout::from_size_align_unchecked(mem::size_of::<T>(), mem::align_of::<T>())` for the same effect and an extra `unsafe { }` incantation.

…-char, r=BurntSushi

Improve code generated for `starts_with(<literal char>)`

This PR includes two minor improvements to the code generated when checking for string prefix/suffix.

The first commit simplifies the str/str operation, by taking advantage of the raw UTF-8 representation.

The second commit replaces the current str/char matching logic with a char->str encoding and then the previous method.

The resulting code should be equivalent in the generic case (one char is being encoded versus one char being decoded), but it becomes easy to optimize in the case of a literal char, which in most cases a developer might expect to be at least as simple as that of a literal string.

This PR should fix rust-lang#41993

Delete flaky test net::tcp::tests::fast_rebind

This test is unreliable for at least 3 users on two platforms: see rust-lang#57509 and rust-lang#51006. It was added 5 years ago in rust-lang#22015. Do we know whether this is testing something important that would indicate a bug in our implementation, or if it's fine to remove?

r? @sfackler @alexcrichton because this somewhat resembles rust-lang#59018

Closes rust-lang#57509. Closes rust-lang#51006.

Improve typeck & lowering docs for slice patterns

cc rust-lang#62254

r? @matthewjasper

…lett

use Self alias in place of macros

make transparent enums more ordinary

By recognizing that structs & unions have one variant, we can make the treatment of transparent enums less ad-hoc.

cc rust-lang#60405

r? @davidtwco

…n-DPC

Fix JS error when loading page with search

For example when you load this page: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/num/struct.NonZeroI8.html?search=foo, you get a nice JS error:

```
TypeError: ev is undefined
```

r? @kinnison

…ted-files, r=Dylan-DPC

.gitignore: Don't ignore a file that exists in the repository

.gitignore should not ignore files that exist in the repository. The
ignore of .cargo applies to the committed .cargo directory used in an
example:

$ git ls-files --exclude-standard --ignored
src/test/run-make/thumb-none-qemu/example/.cargo/config

Explicitly un-ignore that file.

Minor: update Unsize docs for dyn syntax