Add support for use Trait::func

[obsgolem]

Rendered

This feature fully supplants rust-lang/rust#73001, allowing you to do things like:

use Default::default;

struct S {
    a: HashMap<i32, i32>,
}

impl S {
    fn new() -> S {
        S {
            a: default()
        }
    }
}

and more.

This is my first RFC, please forgive any missteps I make in the process.

Partially completes #1995.

[Evian-Zhang]

From The Rust Programming Language section 7.4:

Creating Idiomatic use Paths

Although both Listing 7-11 and 7-13 accomplish the same task, Listing 7-11 is the idiomatic way to bring a function into scope with use. Bringing the function’s parent module into scope with use means we have to specify the parent module when calling the function. Specifying the parent module when calling the function makes it clear that the function isn’t locally defined while still minimizing repetition of the full path.

We have been encouraged for a long time to always import the parent module when calling the function to distinguish locally defined functions and imported functions. However, the syntax sugar suggested in this RFC contradicts to this convention.

I think it is more appropriate to discuss this convention in the RFC to make it more clear how we should use this feature. :)

[crumblingstatue]

I'd like to reiterate here what I said on #1995

Many libraries define free functions for constructors to mathy types, like vectors.

Some examples:
https://docs.rs/glam/0.24.2/src/glam/f32/vec2.rs.html#12
https://docs.rs/egui/latest/egui/fn.pos2.html

It would be nice if instead of having to create wrapper functions, the user (or the lib author with pub use) could just do use Vec2::new as vec2;

This is some additional motivation that could go into the motivation section. Default::default is hardly the only use case for this.

[crumblingstatue]

That being said, I noticed that this RFC doesn't talk about importing inherent methods, which I think should be addressed.
If this RFC only proposes importing trait methods, but not inherent methods, then the use cases I mentioned above are nullified.
Why should we only support importing trait methods, but not inherent methods?

[obsgolem]

I discussed that in the future work section. use Type::method is out of scope for this RFC. The difficulty is impl blocks with arbitrary where clauses.

[kpreid]

The RFC text uses the term “method” where it should be using the term “associated function”.

• An associated function is a function defined in an impl or declared in a trait. (reference)
• A method is an associated function that has a self parameter (and therefore may be used in .func_name() method-call syntax). (reference)

I recommend that this be corrected to avoid creating confusion. In particular, the central use case of this feature is importing associated functions that are less concise to call because they are not methods, such as Default::default.

[joshtriplett]

I'm going to go ahead and start the process of seeing if we have consensus on this:

@rfcbot merge

Please do either add support for associated constants inline in the RFC (if it's straightforward to do so) or mention them in future work (if not):

@rfcbot concern associated-constants

[obsgolem]

Just wanted to ping this, is there anything I can do to keep this moving?

[joshtriplett]

Nominated for lang discussion.

[GoldsteinE]

This is currently implemented on nightly as part of fn_delegation (rust-lang/rust#118212): https://play.rust-lang.org/?version=nightly&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=fe2a0b28cf36b474400ae3faa10c5408

#![expect(incomplete_features)]
#![feature(fn_delegation)]

reuse Default::default;

fn type_name_of_val<T>(_: &T) -> &'static str {
    std::any::type_name::<T>()
}

fn main() {
    let x: u32 = default();
    let y = default::<u64>();
    let name = type_name_of_val(&default::<()>);
    dbg!(x, y, name);
}

[tmandry]

@rfcbot reviewed

This RFC does not propose the ability to import Type::method where method is contained in an impl block. Such a feature would be a natural extension of this work, and would enable numeric features like that discussed in motivation without the need for the num_traits crate. This feature is not proposed in this RFC since initial investigations revealed that it would be difficult to implement in today's rustc.

I would very much like to see this, though I am okay waiting for a future RFC once the implementation challenges are worked out.

If we add a compatibility mechanism to implement a supertrait method when implementing its subtrait, without having to separately implement the supertrait (such that a new supertrait can be extracted from a trait without breaking compatibility), we would also need to lift the limitation on using a supertrait method via a subtrait.

I would also very much like to see this, but yes it belongs in another RFC. While I would prefer to lift the subtrait/supertrait restriction part of this RFC, it sounds annoying to do so it can wait for the next RFC.

The restriction on importing parent trait associated functions is a consequence of this desugaring, see https://play.rust-lang.org/?version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=51bef9ba69ce1fc20248e987bf106bd4 for examples of the errors you get when you try to call parent trait associated functions through a child trait. We will likely want better error messages than this if a user tries to import a parent function.

Those errors are bizarre and I agree we should make them better (and as I said, eventually remove them altogether).

[tmandry]

This can be inferred directly from the desugaring described in the RFC. If the trait has generics, they must be inferrable in order for Trait::method() to work, hence the same is true for the imported version. I can spell that out explicitly if you want.

Trying to get outstanding concerns resolved: I think the request by @scottmcm was that it be spelled out in the reference section. I don't see a drawback to including implications like this as subsections, even if they are implied by the earlier text. (The paragraph you have on the restriction on important parent trait functions is an example of this.)

[joshtriplett]

@rfcbot resolved associated-constants

[tmandry]

@obsgolem Would you add some text elaborating on how trait generics work, so we can get the last concern resolved?

[scottmcm]

The reference seems to still only talk about using inference for the generics on such an imported thing, like

Note that trait generics are handled by this desugaring using type inference.

and

which compiles if and only if T and Self can be inferred from the function call

Is the idea here that something imported like this can only be used inferred, and we block turbofishing it for now?

For use Default::default;, is no turbofishing allowed because there are no generic parameters on either Default nor default? Or is there something that adds a turbofishable generic parameter for the Self type so I can default::<X>()?

For use FromIterator::from_iter;, if I do from_iter::<X>(it), is that turbofishing the generic from FromIterator, the generic from from_iter, or is it an error?

[scottmcm]

Ok, with the update to say

Generics on Trait are not directly specifiable when a function is called in this way. To call a function with explicit types specified you must use the usual fully qualified syntax.

@rfcbot resolve what-about-turbofish

I do think that people will want to turbofish this in the future, but I'm happy to say that for now they just can't, like we did with APIT, and we can reconsider things later as needed.

[rfcbot]

🔔 This is now entering its final comment period, as per the review above. 🔔

[rfcbot]

The final comment period, with a disposition to merge, as per the review above, is now complete.

As the automated representative of the governance process, I would like to thank the author for their work and everyone else who contributed.

This will be merged soon.

[clubby789]

I've updated the links in the RFC and created a tracking issue, so I'm going to merge this. Thank you @obsgolem!