feat(catalog): stub system tables for sqlancer support

[kwannoel]

I hereby agree to the terms of the Singularity Data, Inc. Contributor License Agreement.

What's changed and what's your intention?

Stub remaining system tables for sqlancer. WIP.

Checklist

• I have written necessary rustdoc comments
• I have added necessary unit tests and integration tests
• All checks passed in ./risedev check (or alias, ./risedev c)

Documentation

If your pull request contains user-facing changes, please specify the types of the changes, and create a release note. Otherwise, please feel free to remove this section.

Types of user-facing changes

Please keep the types that apply to your changes, and remove those that do not apply.

• Installation and deployment
• Connector (sources & sinks)
• SQL commands, functions, and operators
• RisingWave cluster configuration changes
• Other (please specify in the release note below)

Release note

Please create a release note for your changes. In the release note, focus on the impact on users, and mention the environment or conditions where the impact may occur.

Refer to a related PR or issue link (optional)

#3364

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #6169 (548ca81) into main (5c8c1e0) will decrease coverage by 0.18%.
The diff coverage is 54.52%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #6169      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   74.60%   74.41%   -0.19%     
==========================================
  Files         947      949       +2     
  Lines      153125   153724     +599     
==========================================
+ Hits       114238   114396     +158     
- Misses      38887    39328     +441     

Flag	Coverage Δ
rust	74.41% <54.52%> (-0.19%)	⬇️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
src/compute/src/lib.rs	2.63% <ø> (ø)
src/compute/src/rpc/service/exchange_service.rs	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
src/compute/src/rpc/service/monitor_service.rs	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
src/compute/src/rpc/service/stream_service.rs	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
src/compute/src/server.rs	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
src/connector/src/sink/kafka.rs	31.22% <0.00%> (-1.14%)	⬇️
src/connector/src/sink/mod.rs	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
src/connector/src/sink/mysql.rs	19.60% <0.00%> (-0.07%)	⬇️
src/connector/src/sink/redis.rs	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
src/ctl/src/cmd_impl/bench.rs	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
... and 147 more

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[lmatz]

LGTM

[yezizp2012]

LGTM