refactor: add type annotations and improve type safety

[KarimAziev]

This PR introduces significant improvements to type hinting as part of resolving issue #1192.

• The most important change was adding overloads to dispatch_functions, ensuring that it now correctly propagates return types.
• Refactored the Job class into a generic type.
• Added type annotations to core methods such as capture_array, capture_image, and create_video_configuration.
• Enhanced runtime safety by adding more assert statements.
• Fixed inconsistencies in the return types of private helper functions.
• Improved the pyright configuration: disabled the reportUnknownMemberType warning, resulting in fewer but more meaningful warnings being displayed.

While the PR mainly focuses on typing improvements with no logical changes, there's a minor fix in Job.cancel():

Before:

self._future.set_exception(CancelledError)

Now:

self._future.set_exception(CancelledError())

This change ensures that set_exception is always given an instance of CancelledError, aligning with concurrent.futures.Future's expectations. The previous version would have raised a TypeError: exceptions must be derived from BaseException when raised if it were ever encountered at runtime. This fix does not alter any behavior but ensures correctness.

P.S. I didn't plan for this to be so extensive, but... it turned into a rabbit hole.