Add ensure_index to not unnecessarily shallow copy cudf.Index

python/cudf/cudf/core/_base_index.py

@@ -1104,7 +1104,11 @@ def difference(self, other, sort=None):
                 f"of [None, False, True]; {sort} was passed."
             )
 
-        other = cudf.Index(other, name=getattr(other, "name", self.name))
+        if not isinstance(other, BaseIndex):
+            other = cudf.Index(
+                other,
+                name=getattr(other, "name", self.name),
+            )
 
         if not len(other):
             res = self._get_reconciled_name_object(other).unique()

python/cudf/cudf/core/algorithms.py

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 from cudf.core.column import as_column
 from cudf.core.copy_types import BooleanMask
-from cudf.core.index import Index, RangeIndex
+from cudf.core.index import RangeIndex, ensure_index
 from cudf.core.indexed_frame import IndexedFrame
 from cudf.core.scalar import Scalar
 from cudf.options import get_option
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ def factorize(values, sort=False, use_na_sentinel=True, size_hint=None):
         dtype="int64" if get_option("mode.pandas_compatible") else None,
     ).values
 
-    return labels, cats.values if return_cupy_array else Index(cats)
+    return labels, cats.values if return_cupy_array else ensure_index(cats)
 
 
 def _linear_interpolation(column, index=None):

python/cudf/cudf/core/cut.py

@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ def cut(
     )
 
     # we return a categorical index, as we don't have a Categorical method
-    categorical_index = cudf.Index(col)
+    categorical_index = cudf.CategoricalIndex._from_data({None: col})
 
     if isinstance(orig_x, (pd.Series, cudf.Series)):
         # if we have a series input we return a series output

python/cudf/cudf/core/dataframe.py

@@ -58,7 +58,12 @@
 from cudf.core.column_accessor import ColumnAccessor
 from cudf.core.copy_types import BooleanMask
 from cudf.core.groupby.groupby import DataFrameGroupBy, groupby_doc_template
-from cudf.core.index import BaseIndex, RangeIndex, _index_from_data, as_index
+from cudf.core.index import (
+    BaseIndex,
+    RangeIndex,
+    _index_from_data,
+    ensure_index,
+)
 from cudf.core.indexed_frame import (
     IndexedFrame,
     _FrameIndexer,
@@ -338,7 +343,7 @@ def _getitem_tuple_arg(self, arg):
                                 range(len(tmp_arg[0]))
                             )
                         },
-                        index=as_index(tmp_arg[0]),
+                        index=cudf.Index(tmp_arg[0]),
                     )
                     columns_df[cantor_name] = column.as_column(
                         range(len(columns_df))
@@ -702,7 +707,7 @@ def __init__(
                     data = data.reindex(index)
                     index = data.index
                 else:
-                    index = cudf.Index(index)
+                    index = ensure_index(index)
             else:
                 index = data.index
 
@@ -751,7 +756,7 @@ def __init__(
             if index is None:
                 self._index = RangeIndex(0)
             else:
-                self._index = cudf.Index(index)
+                self._index = ensure_index(index)
             if columns is not None:
                 rangeindex = isinstance(
                     columns, (range, pd.RangeIndex, cudf.RangeIndex)
@@ -909,7 +914,7 @@ def _init_from_series_list(self, data, columns, index):
                         f"not match length of index ({index_length})"
                     )
 
-            final_index = cudf.Index(index)
+            final_index = ensure_index(index)
 
         series_lengths = list(map(len, data))
         data = numeric_normalize_types(*data)
@@ -977,9 +982,9 @@ def _init_from_list_like(self, data, index=None, columns=None):
         if index is None:
             index = RangeIndex(start=0, stop=len(data))
         else:
-            index = cudf.Index(index)
+            index = ensure_index(index)
 
-        self._index = cudf.Index(index)
+        self._index = index
         # list-of-dicts case
         if len(data) > 0 and isinstance(data[0], dict):
             data = DataFrame.from_pandas(pd.DataFrame(data))
@@ -1085,7 +1090,7 @@ def _init_from_dict_like(
 
             self._index = RangeIndex(0, num_rows)
         else:
-            self._index = cudf.Index(index)
+            self._index = ensure_index(index)
 
         if len(data):
             self._data.multiindex = True
@@ -1491,7 +1496,7 @@ def memory_usage(self, index=True, deep=False):
             names.append("Index")
         return Series._from_data(
             data={None: as_column(mem_usage)},
-            index=as_index(names),
+            index=cudf.Index(names),
         )
 
     @_cudf_nvtx_annotate
@@ -4033,7 +4038,7 @@ def transpose(self):
         # Set the old column names as the new index
         result = self.__class__._from_data(
             ColumnAccessor(dict(enumerate(result_columns)), verify=False),
-            index=as_index(index),
+            index=cudf.Index(index),
         )
         # Set the old index as the new column names
         result.columns = columns
@@ -5657,7 +5662,7 @@ def from_records(cls, data, index=None, columns=None, nan_as_null=False):
             }
 
         if not is_scalar(index):
-            new_index = cudf.Index(index)
+            new_index = ensure_index(index)
         else:
             new_index = None
 
@@ -5741,7 +5746,7 @@ def _from_arrays(cls, data, index=None, columns=None, nan_as_null=False):
             }
 
         if index is not None:
-            index = cudf.Index(index)
+            index = ensure_index(index)
 
         if isinstance(columns, (pd.Index, cudf.Index)):
             level_names = tuple(columns.names)

python/cudf/cudf/core/index.py

@@ -65,6 +65,17 @@
     from collections.abc import Generator, Iterable
 
 
+def ensure_index(index_like: Any) -> BaseIndex:
+    """
+    Ensure an Index is returned.
+
+    Avoids a shallow copy compared to calling cudf.Index(...)
+    """
+    if not isinstance(index_like, BaseIndex):
+        return cudf.Index(index_like)
+    return index_like
+
+
 class IndexMeta(type):
     """Custom metaclass for Index that overrides instance/subclass tests."""
 
@@ -1569,7 +1580,7 @@ def append(self, other):
                 to_concat.append(obj)
         else:
             this = self
-            other = cudf.Index(other)
+            other = ensure_index(other)
 
             if len(this) == 0 or len(other) == 0:
                 # we'll filter out empties later in ._concat

python/cudf/cudf/core/indexed_frame.py

@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@
     is_list_like,
     is_scalar,
 )
-from cudf.core._base_index import BaseIndex
 from cudf.core._compat import PANDAS_LT_300
 from cudf.core.buffer import acquire_spill_lock
 from cudf.core.column import ColumnBase, as_column
@@ -42,7 +41,7 @@
 from cudf.core.dtypes import ListDtype
 from cudf.core.frame import Frame
 from cudf.core.groupby.groupby import GroupBy
-from cudf.core.index import Index, RangeIndex, _index_from_data
+from cudf.core.index import RangeIndex, _index_from_data, ensure_index
 from cudf.core.missing import NA
 from cudf.core.multiindex import MultiIndex
 from cudf.core.resample import _Resampler
@@ -66,6 +65,8 @@
         Dtype,
         NotImplementedType,
     )
+    from cudf.core._base_index import BaseIndex
+
 
 doc_reset_index_template = """
         Reset the index of the {klass}, or a level of it.
@@ -627,9 +628,7 @@ def index(self, value):
                 f"new values have {len(value)} elements"
             )
         # avoid unnecessary cast to Index
-        if not isinstance(value, BaseIndex):
-            value = Index(value)
-
+        value = ensure_index(value)
         self._index = value
 
     @_cudf_nvtx_annotate
@@ -3595,7 +3594,7 @@ def _align_to_index(
         sort: bool = True,
         allow_non_unique: bool = False,
     ) -> Self:
-        index = cudf.Index(index)
+        index = ensure_index(index)
 
         if self.index.equals(index):
             return self

python/cudf/cudf/core/multiindex.py

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
     BaseIndex,
     _get_indexer_basic,
     _lexsorted_equal_range,
+    ensure_index,
 )
 from cudf.core.join._join_helpers import _match_join_keys
 from cudf.utils.dtypes import is_column_like
@@ -172,7 +173,7 @@ def __init__(
                     "codes and is inconsistent!"
                 )
 
-        levels = [cudf.Index(level) for level in levels]
+        levels = [ensure_index(level) for level in levels]
 
         if len(levels) != len(codes._data):
             raise ValueError(

python/cudf/cudf/core/series.py

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
 from cudf.core.column.struct import StructMethods
 from cudf.core.column_accessor import ColumnAccessor
 from cudf.core.groupby.groupby import SeriesGroupBy, groupby_doc_template
-from cudf.core.index import BaseIndex, DatetimeIndex, RangeIndex, as_index
+from cudf.core.index import BaseIndex, DatetimeIndex, RangeIndex, ensure_index
 from cudf.core.indexed_frame import (
     IndexedFrame,
     _FrameIndexer,
@@ -588,10 +588,8 @@ def __init__(
                 data = data.copy(deep=True)
             name_from_data = data.name
             column = as_column(data, nan_as_null=nan_as_null, dtype=dtype)
-            if isinstance(data, pd.Series):
-                index_from_data = cudf.Index(data.index)
-            elif isinstance(data, Series):
-                index_from_data = data.index
+            if isinstance(data, (pd.Series, Series)):
+                index_from_data = ensure_index(data.index)
         elif isinstance(data, ColumnAccessor):
             raise TypeError(
                 "Use cudf.Series._from_data for constructing a Series from "
@@ -642,7 +640,7 @@ def __init__(
             name = name_from_data
 
         if index is not None:
-            index = cudf.Index(index)
+            index = ensure_index(index)
 
         if index_from_data is not None:
             first_index = index_from_data
@@ -3191,7 +3189,7 @@ def quantile(
 
         return Series._from_data(
             data={self.name: result},
-            index=as_index(np_array_q) if quant_index else None,
+            index=cudf.Index(np_array_q) if quant_index else None,
         )
 
     @docutils.doc_describe()

python/cudf/cudf/tests/test_dataframe.py

@@ -11078,3 +11078,27 @@ def test_dataframe_loc_int_float(dtype1, dtype2):
     expected = pdf.loc[pidx]
 
     assert_eq(actual, expected, check_index_type=True, check_dtype=True)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "data",
+    [
+        cudf.DataFrame(range(2)),
+        None,
+        [cudf.Series(range(2))],
+        [[0], [1]],
+        {1: range(2)},
+        cupy.arange(2),
+    ],
+)
+def test_init_with_index_no_shallow_copy(data):
+    idx = cudf.RangeIndex(2)
+    df = cudf.DataFrame(data, index=idx)
+    assert df.index is idx
+
+
+def test_from_records_with_index_no_shallow_copy():
+    idx = cudf.RangeIndex(2)
+    data = np.array([(1.0, 2), (3.0, 4)], dtype=[("x", "<f8"), ("y", "<i8")])
+    df = cudf.DataFrame(data.view(np.recarray), index=idx)
+    assert df.index is idx