Practise

Here I am going to write some of the commonly used commands in git

Help

• man git-[verb]
• git help [verb]
• git [verb] --help

At the time of initiation of repository

• git config --list
• git config --global user.name "[username]"
• git config --global user.email "[emailAddress]" (By default the option is --local for that repo. We can also use --system to apply system wide)
• git init (To initialize your present working directory)

Clone repository

• git clone [ssh,https url]

Alias or Alternate names

git config --global alias.[aliasName] [command]

To see the status of the repository

• git status # using option -s will show in short
• git log # using -p -2 will show code difference introduced in each commit 2 lines in each commit
• git log --stat # will show stats by file wise in numerals (To see the change log or the history of the project)
• git log --pretty=format:"%h - %an, %ar : %s" (Shows log in format specified)
• git annotate [file] (Shows information about each line about hashes and author)

Track files

• git add [file or directory] (Adds file or directory to staging area, if just included with -A option it adds all files in working directory)
• git reset HEAD [fileName] (To unstage the adding)
• git commit -m "[message]" (Take a snapshot of project with staged files, adding -a will skip staging of all files) (! To add some forgotten thing to latest commit)
• git add [fileName]
• git commit --amend (To unmodify the changes before staging)
• git checkout -- CONTRIBUTING.md

To remove files

• git rm [fileName] (Removes file from repository and needs to be commited)
• rm [fileName] (Removes file from directory but needs to be staged )
• git rm --cached [fileName] (Removes file from tracking-[from staging or commited] but is still present in directory)

To check differences

• git diff [file] (Shows the difference between staged and modified file, if you add option --staged; then it shows the difference between staged and the last commit)
• git diff [branch1]..[branch2]

Branches

• git branch [branchName] (To branchout to new one from the current one)
• git checkout [branchName] (To start working in specified branch)
• git checkout -b [newbranch] (To create newbranch and checkout to that)

Git ignore

• For that create a new file called .gitignore and add , for detail see gitignore command (You can add filenames or patterns to ignore them while tracking them)

Other commands

• git mv [oldName] [newName] (To rename any file or directory)
• git tag # tags are used to mark important (Lists the tags marked)
• git tag [tagName] # creates lightweight tag, it's just alais to commit
• git tag -a [tagName] -m "[message]" (Used to create a tag)
• git show [tagName] (Shows information about tag)
• git push [remoteName] [tagName] (Pushes tags which are not by default not pushed, including just --tags pushes all)

Remote Repository

• git remote (Gives list of remote repository(s), if included with -v gives details)
• git remote add [nameOfRemote] [ssh,https url]
• git remote rename [oldName] [newName]
• git remote show [remoteName] (Shows details about remote repository)
• git remote remove [repoName] (Removes the server url)

Fetch files (Does not merge to local)

• git fetch [remoteName]

Push files

• git push [remoteName] [remoteBranch]