Refactor `quotes_linter()` to avoid using `with()`

[AshesITR]

Found here: #1993 (review)

codetools has a hard time correctly analyzing the function, causing multiple false positive lints that need to be disabled.
If we refactor quotes_linter() to not use with(), codetools should have such a hard time analyzing it.

[MichaelChirico]

I would be against making the code harder to read on account of a false positive lint. # nolint is appropriate for cases like this.

If the proposed refactor would improve readability, then do proceed.

[MichaelChirico]

would you mind filing the nested with bug on codetools issue tracker?

there's a proposal to work on codetools at the upcoming R sprint so it'd be good to have known issues logged if that gets picked up:

r-devel/r-project-sprint-2023#11

[AshesITR]

There already is one, cf. https://gitlab.com/luke-tierney/codetools/-/issues/6, reported 7 months ago.
Not sure why we missed the nolint comments.