Add --debug flag to base command

This flag makes the main subroutine (cli.base_command.Command.run)
withold from intercepting unhandled exceptions. This means, that
debugging via "python -m pdb -m pip" is now possible.

news/9349.feature.rst

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Add "--debug" flag.

src/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 """Base Command class, and related routines"""
 
+import functools
 import logging
 import logging.config
 import optparse
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@
 
 if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
     from optparse import Values
-    from typing import Any, List, Optional, Tuple
+    from typing import Any, Callable, List, Optional, Tuple
 
     from pip._internal.utils.temp_dir import (
         TempDirectoryTypeRegistry as TempDirRegistry,
@@ -185,42 +186,55 @@ def _main(self, args):
                 "This will become an error in pip 21.0."
             )
 
+        def intercepts_unhandled_exc(run_func):
+            # type: (Callable[..., int]) -> Callable[..., int]
+            @functools.wraps(run_func)
+            def exc_logging_wrapper(*args):
+                # type: (*Any) -> int
+                try:
+                    status = run_func(*args)
+                    assert isinstance(status, int)
+                    return status
+                except PreviousBuildDirError as exc:
+                    logger.critical(str(exc))
+                    logger.debug('Exception information:', exc_info=True)
+
+                    return PREVIOUS_BUILD_DIR_ERROR
+                except (InstallationError, UninstallationError, BadCommand,
+                        NetworkConnectionError) as exc:
+                    logger.critical(str(exc))
+                    logger.debug('Exception information:', exc_info=True)
+
+                    return ERROR
+                except CommandError as exc:
+                    logger.critical('%s', exc)
+                    logger.debug('Exception information:', exc_info=True)
+
+                    return ERROR
+                except BrokenStdoutLoggingError:
+                    # Bypass our logger and write any remaining messages to
+                    # stderr because stdout no longer works.
+                    print('ERROR: Pipe to stdout was broken', file=sys.stderr)
+                    if level_number <= logging.DEBUG:
+                        traceback.print_exc(file=sys.stderr)
+
+                    return ERROR
+                except KeyboardInterrupt:
+                    logger.critical('Operation cancelled by user')
+                    logger.debug('Exception information:', exc_info=True)
+
+                    return ERROR
+                except BaseException:
+                    logger.critical('Exception:', exc_info=True)
+
+                    return UNKNOWN_ERROR
+            return exc_logging_wrapper
+
         try:
-            status = self.run(options, args)
-            assert isinstance(status, int)
-            return status
-        except PreviousBuildDirError as exc:
-            logger.critical(str(exc))
-            logger.debug('Exception information:', exc_info=True)
-
-            return PREVIOUS_BUILD_DIR_ERROR
-        except (InstallationError, UninstallationError, BadCommand,
-                NetworkConnectionError) as exc:
-            logger.critical(str(exc))
-            logger.debug('Exception information:', exc_info=True)
-
-            return ERROR
-        except CommandError as exc:
-            logger.critical('%s', exc)
-            logger.debug('Exception information:', exc_info=True)
-
-            return ERROR
-        except BrokenStdoutLoggingError:
-            # Bypass our logger and write any remaining messages to stderr
-            # because stdout no longer works.
-            print('ERROR: Pipe to stdout was broken', file=sys.stderr)
-            if level_number <= logging.DEBUG:
-                traceback.print_exc(file=sys.stderr)
-
-            return ERROR
-        except KeyboardInterrupt:
-            logger.critical('Operation cancelled by user')
-            logger.debug('Exception information:', exc_info=True)
-
-            return ERROR
-        except BaseException:
-            logger.critical('Exception:', exc_info=True)
-
-            return UNKNOWN_ERROR
+            if not options.debug_mode:
+                run = intercepts_unhandled_exc(self.run)
+            else:
+                run = self.run
+            return run(options, args)
         finally:
             self.handle_pip_version_check(options)

src/pip/_internal/cli/cmdoptions.py

@@ -157,6 +157,18 @@ class PipOption(Option):
     help='Show help.',
 )  # type: Callable[..., Option]
 
+debug_mode = partial(
+    Option,
+    '--debug',
+    dest='debug_mode',
+    action="store_true",
+    default=False,
+    help=(
+        "Let unhandled exceptions propagate outside the main subroutine, "
+        "instead of logging them to stderr."
+    )
+)  # type: Callable[..., Option]
+
 isolated_mode = partial(
     Option,
     "--isolated",
@@ -934,6 +946,7 @@ def check_list_path_option(options):
     'name': 'General Options',
     'options': [
         help_,
+        debug_mode,
         isolated_mode,
         require_virtualenv,
         verbose,