fix: Serialize categories of Enum in arrow metadata

[ritchie46]

fixes #19389 fixes #20083

Fixes #19944

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 90.44118% with 13 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 79.64%. Comparing base (cbc0ea0) to head (31aa731).
Report is 15 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
crates/polars-core/src/schema.rs	14.28%	6 Missing ⚠️
...eam/src/nodes/io_sources/parquet/metadata_utils.rs	0.00%	2 Missing ⚠️
...m/src/nodes/io_sources/parquet/row_group_decode.rs	0.00%	2 Missing ⚠️
crates/polars-arrow/src/ffi/schema.rs	83.33%	1 Missing ⚠️
...s-core/src/chunked_array/builder/list/anonymous.rs	50.00%	1 Missing ⚠️
crates/polars-stream/src/nodes/io_sources/ipc.rs	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #20181      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   79.58%   79.64%   +0.05%     
==========================================
  Files        1564     1564              
  Lines      217475   217526      +51     
  Branches     2472     2474       +2     
==========================================
+ Hits       173070   173240     +170     
+ Misses      43837    43717     -120     
- Partials      568      569       +1     

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