feat(python): Allow Python Enums as dtype inputs

[stinodego]

Closes #19724

Python Enums (and StrEnums) can now be used as dtype inputs, and can be passed to the Polars Enum constructor.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 79.48%. Comparing base (7b07c85) to head (63b576f).
Report is 4 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #19926      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   79.44%   79.48%   +0.04%     
==========================================
  Files        1554     1554              
  Lines      215618   216140     +522     
  Branches     2454     2456       +2     
==========================================
+ Hits       171289   171795     +506     
- Misses      43770    43787      +17     
+ Partials      559      558       -1     

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[ritchie46]

Nice!