feat: Speed up starts_with for small prefixes

[stijnherfst]

The string view type has a small (4 or <12 bytes) prefix inlined that we can use for comparisons. From a small test this is about the same speed on a worst case (search prefix > 12 bytes, string not inlined) and more than twice as fast on a best case (string <12 bytes so entirely inlined).

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 75.00000% with 10 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 79.48%. Comparing base (6c34d59) to head (023ea87).
Report is 22 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...olars-ops/src/chunked_array/strings/starts_with.rs	37.50%	10 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #19904      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   79.40%   79.48%   +0.07%     
==========================================
  Files        1550     1555       +5     
  Lines      214909   216170    +1261     
  Branches     2447     2454       +7     
==========================================
+ Hits       170653   171815    +1162     
- Misses      43699    43797      +98     
- Partials      557      558       +1     

☔ View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
📢 Have feedback on the report? Share it here.

---

🚨 Try these New Features:

• Flaky Tests Detection - Detect and resolve failed and flaky tests