MINOR: [CI] Make sure Linux Docker tests can write core dumps

.github/workflows/cpp.yml

@@ -153,8 +153,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           # GH-40558: reduce ASLR to avoid ASAN/LSAN crashes
           sudo sysctl -w vm.mmap_rnd_bits=28
-          sudo sysctl -w kernel.core_pattern="core.%e.%p"
-          ulimit -c unlimited
+          source ci/scripts/util_enable_core_dumps.sh
           archery docker run ${{ matrix.image }}
       - name: Docker Push
         if: >-

.github/workflows/integration.yml

@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ jobs:
           ARCHERY_DOCKER_USER: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USER }}
           ARCHERY_DOCKER_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
         run: >
+          source ci/scripts/util_enable_core_dumps.sh
           archery docker run \
             -e ARCHERY_DEFAULT_BRANCH=${{ github.event.repository.default_branch }} \
             -e ARCHERY_INTEGRATION_WITH_NANOARROW=1 \

.github/workflows/ruby.yml

@@ -93,8 +93,7 @@ jobs:
           ARCHERY_DOCKER_USER: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USER }}
           ARCHERY_DOCKER_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
         run: |
-          sudo sysctl -w kernel.core_pattern="core.%e.%p"
-          ulimit -c unlimited
+          source ci/scripts/util_enable_core_dumps.sh
           archery docker run \
             -e ARROW_FLIGHT=ON \
             -e ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL=ON \

ci/scripts/util_enable_core_dumps.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+# NOTE: this script is not marked executable as it should be source'd
+# for `ulimit` to take effect.
+
+set -ex
+
+platform=$(uname)
+
+if [ "${platform}" = "Linux" ]; then
+  # We need to override `core_pattern` because
+  # 1. the original setting may reference apport, which is not available under
+  #    most Docker containers;
+  # 2. we want to write the core file in a well-known directory.
+  sudo sysctl -w kernel.core_pattern="/tmp/core.%e.%p"
+fi
+
+ulimit -c unlimited

dev/tasks/docker-tests/github.cuda.yml

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ jobs:
         env:
         {{ macros.github_set_sccache_envvars()|indent(8) }}
         run: |
+          source arrow/ci/scripts/util_enable_core_dumps.sh
           archery docker run \
             -e SETUPTOOLS_SCM_PRETEND_VERSION="{{ arrow.no_rc_version }}" \
             {{ flags|default("") }} \

dev/tasks/docker-tests/github.linux.yml

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           # GH-40558: reduce ASLR to avoid TSAN crashing
           sudo sysctl -w vm.mmap_rnd_bits=28
+          source arrow/ci/scripts/util_enable_core_dumps.sh
           archery docker run \
             -e SETUPTOOLS_SCM_PRETEND_VERSION="{{ arrow.no_rc_version }}" \
             {{ flags|default("") }} \

dev/tasks/python-wheels/github.linux.yml

@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Test wheel
         shell: bash
         run: |
+          source arrow/ci/scripts/util_enable_core_dumps.sh
           archery docker run python-wheel-manylinux-test-imports
           archery docker run python-wheel-manylinux-test-unittests