core: fix missing update on nested generated column (#55829)

[ti-chi-bot]

This is an automated cherry-pick of #55829

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #53967

Problem Summary:
IF:
Virtual generated column B depends on A
Virtual generated column C depends on B
Index idx on C.
Update A should update index idx too.

but the dependence C on B is not built correctly.

What changed and how does it work?

Build dependence correctly.

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Integration test
• Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)
• No need to test

  • I checked and no code files have been changed.

Side effects

• Performance regression: Consumes more CPU
• Performance regression: Consumes more Memory
• Breaking backward compatibility

Documentation

• Affects user behaviors
• Contains syntax changes
• Contains variable changes
• Contains experimental features
• Changes MySQL compatibility

Release note

Please refer to Release Notes Language Style Guide to write a quality release note.

None

[ti-chi-bot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is NOT APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by:
Once this PR has been reviewed and has the lgtm label, please assign okjiang for approval. For more information see the Code Review Process.

The full list of commands accepted by this bot can be found here.

Needs approval from an approver in each of these files:

• OWNERS

Approvers can indicate their approval by writing /approve in a comment
Approvers can cancel approval by writing /approve cancel in a comment

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Please upload report for BASE (release-7.5@e71b6c3). Learn more about missing BASE report.

Additional details and impacted files

@@               Coverage Diff                @@
##             release-7.5     #55853   +/-   ##
================================================
  Coverage               ?   72.0099%           
================================================
  Files                  ?       1413           
  Lines                  ?     411836           
  Branches               ?          0           
================================================
  Hits                   ?     296563           
  Misses                 ?      95387           
  Partials               ?      19886           

Flag	Coverage Δ
unit	72.0099% <100.0000%> (?)

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Components	Coverage Δ
dumpling	52.9400% <0.0000%> (?)
parser	∅ <0.0000%> (?)
br	53.5040% <0.0000%> (?)