partition: check partition definition with unsigned option (#23428)

[xiongjiwei]

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #23385

• partition check does not consider the unsigned flag
• overflow on int column can be ignored such as create table t(a tinyint) partition by range(a) (partition p0 values less than (1234567));

Check List

Tests

• Unit test

Release note

• fix invalid partition can create success

[xiongjiwei]

/type 5.0-cherry-pick

[xiongjiwei]

/assign

[xiongjiwei]

/cc @tangenta @AilinKid @tiancaiamao @crazycs520

[ti-chi-bot]

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[wjhuang2016]

/cc @tangenta @AilinKid @tiancaiamao @crazycs520

[ti-chi-bot]

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In response to this:

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[tangenta]

/lgtm

[zimulala]

/LGTM

[ti-chi-bot]

[REVIEW NOTIFICATION]

This pull request has been approved by:

• tangenta
• zimulala

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[zimulala]

/merge

[ti-chi-bot]

This pull request has been accepted and is ready to merge.

Commit hash: 842cbd4

[AilinKid]

/LGTM

[AilinKid]

/merge