planner, executor: support insert/replace into partition (#17280)

[sre-bot]

cherry-pick #17280 to release-4.0

---

What problem does this PR solve?

Before this commit:

tidb> insert into t1 partition (p0,p1) values(2, 'a');
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your TiDB version for the right syntax to use line 1 column 24 near "partition (p0,p1) values(2, 'a')"

After this commit:

tidb> insert into t1 partition (p0,p1) values(2, 'a');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

tidb> select * from t1 partition(p0);
+------+------+
| a    | b    |
+------+------+
|    2 | a    |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

Problem Summary:

What is changed and how it works?

Check the given partition set when executing insert/replace.

Related changes

• PR to update pingcap/docs/pingcap/docs-cn:
• Need to cherry-pick to the release branch

Check List

Tests

• Integration test

Side effects

• Performance regression
  • Consumes more CPU

Release note

• Support insert/replace into tbl_name partition(partition_name_list)

[sre-bot]

/run-all-tests

[XuHuaiyu]

wait for #17305

[tiancaiamao]

LGTM

[zz-jason]

LGTM

[jebter]

/merge

[sre-bot]

/run-all-tests