tiup, tiproxy: add version flags to tiup cluster upgrade

[djshow832]

What is changed, added or deleted? (Required)

• TiUP Cluster supports specifying versions of specific components:

Flags:
      --alertmanager-version string        Fix the version of alertmanager and no longer follows the cluster version.
      --blackbox-exporter-version string   Fix the version of blackbox-exporter and no longer follows the cluster version.
      --cdc-version string                 Fix the version of cdc and no longer follows the cluster version.
      --force                              Force upgrade without transferring PD leader
  -h, --help                               help for upgrade
      --ignore-config-check                Ignore the config check result
      --ignore-version-check               Ignore checking if target version is bigger than current version
      --node-exporter-version string       Fix the version of node-exporter and no longer follows the cluster version.
      --offline                            Upgrade a stopped cluster
      --pd-version string                  Fix the version of pv and no longer follows the cluster version.
      --post-upgrade-script string         (EXPERIMENTAL) Custom script to be executed on each server after the server is upgraded
      --pre-upgrade-script string          (EXPERIMENTAL) Custom script to be executed on each server before the server is upgraded
      --tidb-dashboard-version string      Fix the version of tidb-dashboard and no longer follows the cluster version.
      --tiflash-version string             Fix the version of tiflash and no longer follows the cluster version.
      --tikv-cdc-version string            Fix the version of tikv-cdc and no longer follows the cluster version.
      --tikv-version string                Fix the version of tikv and no longer follows the cluster version.
      --tiproxy-version string             Fix the version of tiproxy and no longer follows the cluster version.
      --transfer-timeout uint              Timeout in seconds when transferring PD and TiKV store leaders, also for TiCDC drain one capture (default 600)

• Update the links in TiProxy overview doc

Which TiDB version(s) do your changes apply to? (Required)

Tips for choosing the affected version(s):

By default, CHOOSE MASTER ONLY so your changes will be applied to the next TiDB major or minor releases. If your PR involves a product feature behavior change or a compatibility change, CHOOSE THE AFFECTED RELEASE BRANCH(ES) AND MASTER.

For details, see tips for choosing the affected versions (in Chinese).

• master (the latest development version)
• v7.6 (TiDB 7.6 versions)
• v7.5 (TiDB 7.5 versions)
• v7.4 (TiDB 7.4 versions)
• v7.3 (TiDB 7.3 versions)
• v7.1 (TiDB 7.1 versions)
• v6.5 (TiDB 6.5 versions)
• v6.1 (TiDB 6.1 versions)
• v5.4 (TiDB 5.4 versions)
• v5.3 (TiDB 5.3 versions)
• v5.2 (TiDB 5.2 versions)
• v5.1 (TiDB 5.1 versions)
• v5.0 (TiDB 5.0 versions)

What is the related PR or file link(s)?

• This PR is translated from:
• Other reference link(s):

Do your changes match any of the following descriptions?

• Delete files
• Change aliases
• Need modification after applied to another branch
• Might cause conflicts after applied to another branch

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[kaaaaaaang]

rest /lgtm

[ti-chi-bot]

[LGTM Timeline notifier]

Timeline:

• 2024-02-01 06:24:58.436650459 +0000 UTC m=+1633140.000948162: ☑️ agreed by ran-huang.

[ran-huang]

/approve

[ti-chi-bot]

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This pull-request has been approved by: ran-huang

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[ti-chi-bot]

In response to a cherrypick label: new pull request created to branch release-7.6: #16471.