C++ Programming Lessons - Complete Learning Path

A comprehensive, hands-on C++ learning repository organized as a structured course. Each lesson is self-contained with practical examples you can compile and run independently. Progresses from beginner fundamentals to advanced concepts using modern C++20+ standards.

🎯 Project Overview

This repository contains 13 comprehensive modules covering essential C++ programming concepts:

• 120+ practical examples across different difficulty levels
• Self-contained lessons - each .cpp file compiles independently
• Modern C++ practices (C++20+ standards)
• Real-world applications and exercises
• Progressive difficulty from basics to advanced OOP concepts

🚀 Quick Start

Prerequisites

# macOS (recommended)
xcode-select --install                    # Apple Clang compiler
brew install cmake llvm clang-format     # Optional tools

# Verify installation
clang++ --version

Compile & Run Any Lesson

# Create build directory
mkdir -p build

# Compile with modern C++ standards and warnings
clang++ -std=c++20 -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -g introduction/Test.cpp -o build/test
./build/test

# With sanitizers (debug mode)
clang++ -std=c++20 -g -O0 -fsanitize=address,undefined pointer/startPointer.cpp -o build/pointer_demo
./build/pointer_demo

📚 Learning Path & Course Structure

🌟 Module 1: Introduction & Fundamentals

Folder: introduction/

• Test.cpp - Hello World and basic I/O
• Test2.cpp - Variables and data types
• operator.cpp - Arithmetic, logical, and comparison operators

Key Concepts: Basic syntax, cout/cin, variables, operators, type system

🔀 Module 2: Conditional Logic

Folder: condition/

• if.cpp - Basic if statements
• if_else.cpp - If-else branching
• if_else_if.cpp - Multi-branch conditions
• switch.cpp - Switch-case statements
• TernaryOperator.cpp - Conditional operator (?:)
• nested_statement.cpp - Nested conditional logic

Key Concepts: Decision making, branching logic, control flow

🔄 Module 3: Loops & Iteration

Folder: loop/

• for_loop.cpp - For loop fundamentals
• while_loop.cpp - While loop patterns
• do_while_loop.cpp - Do-while loops
• nested_loop.cpp & nested_loop_2.cpp - Nested iteration
• goto_label.cpp - Label and goto (educational)
• pow.cpp & pow_2.cpp - Mathematical calculations
• sum_data.cpp - Data processing examples
• worker.cpp - Real-world loop applications

Key Concepts: Iteration, nested loops, loop control, algorithms

🛠️ Module 4: Functions & Modularity

Folder: function/

• return_none_param.cpp - Functions without parameters
• return_has_param.cpp - Functions with parameters
• none_return_param.cpp & none_return_has_param.cpp - Void functions
• function_PassByValue.cpp & function_PassByValue1.cpp - Pass by value
• function_PassByReferent.cpp - Pass by reference
• overloading.cpp & overloading2.cpp - Function overloading
• recursive_function.cpp & recursive_function2.cpp - Recursion
• persion.cpp & product.cpp - Real-world examples

Key Concepts: Function design, parameter passing, recursion, overloading

📊 Module 5: Arrays & Data Collections

Folder: array/

• hello.cpp - Basic array operations
• test.cpp - Array fundamentals
• TwoArra.cpp & arrayTwoDimension.cpp - 2D arrays
• userTwoDimension.cpp - Interactive 2D array input
• ThreeDimansion.cpp - 3D array operations
• persion.cpp & employee.cpp - Object arrays
• product.cpp & catogory.cpp - Real-world data structures

Key Concepts: Array manipulation, multi-dimensional arrays, data organization

🎯 Module 6: Pointers & Memory Management

Folder: pointer/

• startPointer.cpp - Pointer fundamentals
• levelPointer.cpp - Multi-level pointers
• pointerArray.cpp - Pointer-array relationship
• mallocPointer.cpp & mallocPointerTwo.cpp - Dynamic allocation
• callocOne.cpp - Calloc memory allocation
• realloc.cpp - Memory reallocation
• functionPointer.cpp & functionPointerRedom.cpp - Function pointers

Key Concepts: Memory management, dynamic allocation, pointer arithmetic

🏗️ Module 7: Structures & Custom Types

Folder: structure/

• helloStructure.cpp - Basic struct definition
• nestedStruct.cpp - Nested structures
• bookArray.cpp & employeeArray.cpp - Arrays of structures
• objectPointer.cpp - Pointer to structures
• objectStructArray.cpp - Complex data organization
• typedefStructure.cpp - Type aliases
• errorStudent.cpp - Error handling examples

Key Concepts: Data encapsulation, custom types, structured programming

🔧 Module 8: Templates & Generic Programming

Folder: template/

• function_template.cpp - Function templates
• struct_template.cpp - Class templates
• two_template.cpp - Multiple template parameters

Key Concepts: Generic programming, code reusability, template specialization

⚠️ Module 9: Exception Handling

Folder: exception/

• exception.cpp - Try-catch blocks, throwing exceptions

Key Concepts: Error handling, exception safety, robust programming

📂 Module 10: File Input/Output

Folder: file/

• text_file_read.cpp & text_file_wirte.cpp - Text file operations
• text_user_read.cpp & text_user_wirte.cpp - User data file handling
• bainary_product_read.cpp & bainary_product_write.cpp - Binary file operations
• bainary_woker_write.cpp - Binary worker data storage

Key Concepts: File streams, text vs binary files, file I/O operations

🏛️ Module 11: Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

Folder: oop/

Encapsulation (oop/encapsulation/)

• class_object.cpp - Basic class and object creation
• contructor.cpp & destructor.cpp - Constructor and destructor methods
• set_get.cpp - Getter and setter methods
• keyword_this.cpp - Using the 'this' pointer
• friend_class.cpp & friend_function.cpp - Friend relationships
• static_method.cpp - Static methods and variables
• inline_method.cpp - Inline function optimization
• nested_class.cpp - Classes within classes
• pointer.cpp & pointer_two.cpp - Object pointers

Inheritance (oop/inheritance/)

• Advanced inheritance concepts and implementations

Polymorphism (oop/polymorphism/)

• Virtual functions and polymorphic behavior

Key Concepts: Classes, objects, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism

🔄 Module 12: Unions & Memory Optimization

Folder: union/

• test.cpp - Basic union operations
• object.cpp - Union with objects

Key Concepts: Memory-efficient data types, unions vs structs

🚀 Module 13: Real-World Projects

Folder: project/

• project.cpp - Main project demonstration
• product.cpp - Product management system
• Studens.cpp - Student management system
• money.cpp - Financial calculations
• Delivery_Fee.cpp - Delivery cost calculator
• Hybrid_Inheritance.cpp - Advanced OOP inheritance example
• color.h - Color utility header

Key Concepts: Project organization, real-world applications, system integration

🛠️ Development Setup

Recommended Compiler Flags

# Development (with warnings)
-std=c++20 -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -Wconversion -Wshadow -g

# Debug (with sanitizers)
-std=c++20 -g -O0 -fsanitize=address,undefined -fno-omit-frame-pointer

# Release (optimized)
-std=c++20 -O2 -DNDEBUG

Optional: CMake Project Setup

Create a unified build system:

# CMakeLists.txt
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.20)
project(cpp_lessons LANGUAGES CXX)

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 20)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)

# Add compiler warnings
add_compile_options(-Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic)

# Example executable
add_executable(lesson_runner src/main.cpp)

📖 Learning Recommendations

Beginner Path (Modules 1-3)

1. Start with introduction/ - understand basic syntax
2. Master condition/ - learn decision making
3. Practice loop/ - understand iteration patterns

Intermediate Path (Modules 4-6)

4. Study function/ - learn modular programming
5. Explore array/ - understand data collections
6. Master pointer/ - learn memory management

Advanced Path (Modules 7-9)

7. Build with structure/ - create custom types
8. Generalize with template/ - write reusable code
9. Handle errors with exception/ - robust programming

Expert Path (Modules 10-13)

10. Learn file/ - master file input/output operations
11. Dive into oop/ - master object-oriented programming concepts
12. Optimize with union/ - understand unions and memory optimization
13. Build project/ - apply your skills in real-world projects

🎓 Project Ideas & Exercises

Beginner Projects

• Calculator (modules 1-3): Basic arithmetic with menu system
• Grade Manager (modules 4-5): Student grade calculations and arrays
• Simple Games (loops + conditions): Number guessing, tic-tac-toe

Intermediate Projects

• Contact Manager (structures + arrays): Store and search contacts
• File Processor (pointers + functions): Read/write text files
• Data Analyzer (templates): Generic statistical functions

Advanced Challenges

• Memory Pool (pointers + templates): Custom memory allocator
• Expression Parser (all concepts): Mathematical expression evaluator
• Mini Database (structures + templates + exceptions): Data storage system

Expert Projects

• Chat Application (OOP + File I/O): Real-time messaging app
• Image Viewer (OOP + Templates): View and edit images
• Custom Shell (pointers + file I/O): Build a simple command-line shell

🔧 Troubleshooting

Common Issues

# Compiler not found
xcode-select --install

# Permission denied
chmod +x ./build/program_name

# Memory errors
# Recompile with: -fsanitize=address,undefined -g

Code Style

• Use clang-format for consistent formatting
• Enable clang-tidy for static analysis
• Follow modern C++ best practices (RAII, smart pointers)

📈 Progress Tracking

• Module 1: Introduction & Fundamentals
• Module 2: Conditional Logic
• Module 3: Loops & Iteration
• Module 4: Functions & Modularity
• Module 5: Arrays & Data Collections
• Module 6: Pointers & Memory Management
• Module 7: Structures & Custom Types
• Module 8: Templates & Generic Programming
• Module 9: Exception Handling
• Module 10: Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
• Module 11: File Input/Output
• Module 12: Unions & Bit Fields
• Module 13: Project Examples

🤝 Contributing

Feel free to:

• Add new examples to existing modules
• Create additional modules (STL, OOP, Concurrency)
• Improve existing code with modern C++ features
• Add unit tests for examples

📚 Additional Resources

• cppreference.com - Comprehensive C++ reference
• C++ Core Guidelines - Best practices
• Compiler Explorer - Online compiler and assembly viewer

📄 License

This project is licensed under the MIT License - see the LICENSE file for details.

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Happy Learning! 🚀 Start with introduction/Test.cpp and work your way through each module systematically.