feat: add sanity_check implementation for block headers

[tcoratger]

Describe the feature

Sometimes, we need to protect the system against potential DOS attack. In this sense, it could be nice to have a method to ensure the validity of critical values within the block header. We could implement a global sanity check method for the Header structure, similar to the approach demonstrated here.

While our block numbers (natively u64) already enforce one aspect, expanding this with additional tests for other header values accompanied by dedicated error handling could significantly enhance our system's security.

Proposed Changes:

• Introduce a global sanity check method for the Header structure.
• Add tests for various header values with dedicated error handling.

These changes are aimed at strengthening our system's defenses and ensuring the integrity of block header data.

Additional context

No response