AstaVerde is a platform for trading verified carbon offsets as NFTs on Ethereum using the ERC-1155 standard. It employs a Dutch Auction mechanism with dynamic pricing based on market demand.
graph TB
subgraph Actors
Producer[Carbon Offset Producer]
Owner[Platform Owner]
Buyer[Token Buyer]
end
subgraph Smart Contracts
direction TB
Main[AstaVerde Contract]
USDC[USDC Contract]
ERC1155[ERC-1155 Token]
end
subgraph Pricing System
direction TB
BasePrice[Base Price Manager]
DutchAuction[Dutch Auction]
subgraph Base Price Rules
QuickSale["+10 USDC if batch<br/>sells within 2 days"]
NoSale["-10 USDC per batch<br/>after 4 days no sales"]
end
subgraph Auction Rules
StartPrice["Start = Base Price"]
DailyDecay["-1 USDC per day"]
Floor["Floor = 40 USDC"]
end
end
Producer -->|Verify Offsets| Owner
Owner -->|Mint Batch| Main
Main -->|Create Token| ERC1155
BasePrice -->|Set Initial Price| DutchAuction
DutchAuction -->|Current Price| Main
Buyer -->|Purchase with USDC| Main
Main -->|Transfer| USDC
USDC -->|Platform Share| Owner
USDC -->|Producer Share| Producer
QuickSale -->|Affects| BasePrice
NoSale -->|Affects| BasePrice
StartPrice --> DutchAuction
DailyDecay --> DutchAuction
Floor --> DutchAuction
classDef contract fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px;
classDef actor fill:#bbf,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px;
classDef pricing fill:#bfb,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px;
class Main,USDC,ERC1155 contract;
class Producer,Owner,Buyer actor;
class BasePrice,DutchAuction,QuickSale,NoSale,StartPrice,DailyDecay,Floor pricing;
AstaVerde uses two complementary mechanisms: Base Price Management and Dutch Auction Per Batch.
The contract uses two precision levels:
- Internal calculations use 18 decimal places for maximum precision
- External prices (USDC) use 6 decimal places as per the USDC standard
The base price only affects newly minted batches and adjusts based on market behavior:
- Price adjustments only consider batches from the last 90 days
- This rolling window ensures:
- Manageable gas costs as the system scales
- Recent market conditions drive price adjustments
- Sufficient data points with weekly batch minting
- Seasonal patterns can be captured
- +10 USDC for each batch sold completely within 2 days of creation
- Multiple quick sales accumulate and are applied together
- Only complete batch sales are considered for price increases
Example:
Initial: 230 USDC
Batch A sells in 1 day: +10 USDC
Batch B sells in 2 days: +10 USDC
Final: 250 USDC
- Triggered after 4 consecutive days without complete batch sales
- Price adjustment (-10 USDC per batch) is applied once when the 4-day threshold is reached
- Each batch can only contribute to a price decrease once in its lifetime
- Only completely unsold batches are considered (no partial sales)
Example:
Initial: 230 USDC
4 days without sales
3 unsold batches (never used for decrease before): -30 USDC
Final: 200 USDC
Later:
Another 4 days without sales
Same 3 batches still unsold (but already used): No effect
2 new unsold batches (never used before): -20 USDC
Final: 180 USDC
Note: This one-time counting mechanism prevents market manipulation and ensures stable price discovery alongside the Dutch auction mechanism.
- No upper limit
- Floor: 40 USDC
Each batch has its own independent auction:
- Equals base price at batch creation
Example: Base price 230 USDC → Batch starts at 230 USDC
- -1 USDC every 24 hours
- Continues until batch is sold or floor reached
- Once floor price (40 USDC) is reached, price remains at floor indefinitely
Timeline:
Day 0: 230 USDC
Day 1: 229 USDC
Day 2: 228 USDC
...until sold or 40 USDC reached
- Buyers can purchase any amount of tokens from a batch
- Remaining tokens continue the same Dutch auction from the current price
- Partial sales do not affect base price adjustments
Batch prices decay independently of:
- Base price changes
- Other batch sales
- Market conditions
All prices use USDC's 6 decimal precision standard.
All pricing mechanism parameters are configurable by the platform owner:
- Platform share percentage
- Price floor
- Base price
- Auction day thresholds
- Price adjustment delta
- Daily price decay
- Producers: Generate and verify carbon offsets
- Platform Owner: Mint batches, manage auction
- Buyers: Purchase NFTs through Dutch auction
- Node.js and npm
- Ethereum wallet (MetaMask)
- Docker (optional)
# Clone and setup
git clone git@github.com:orpheuslummis/AstaVerde.git
cd AstaVerde
npm install
# Configure environment
cp .env.local.example .env.local
cp ./webapp/.env.local.example ./webapp/.env.local
# Deploy locally
npm run compile
npm run node
npm run deploy:local
npm run webapp:dev- Test and compile:
npm run test
npm run compile && npm run postinstall- Deploy to testnet:
npm run deploy:contracts -- --network base-sepolia- Configure Vercel environment:
- CHAIN_SELECTION
- ALCHEMY_API_KEY
- WALLET_CONNECT_PROJECT_ID
Update contract references in:
- webapp/src/lib/contracts.ts
- scripts/events/contracts.mjs
- .env.local
- Pausable if USDC depegs
- Keep environment files private
- Platform commission: Configurable, defaults to 30%
- Producer share: Remaining percentage (70% by default)
- Base price adjustments as detailed in Pricing Mechanism section
- Maximum batch size: Configurable, defaults to 50 tokens
- Base price: Configurable, defaults to 230 USDC
- Price floor: Configurable, defaults to 40 USDC
- Daily price decay: Configurable, defaults to 1 USDC/day
- Price adjustment delta: Configurable, defaults to 10 USDC
- Quick sale threshold: Configurable, defaults to 2 days
- Price decrease threshold: Configurable, defaults to 4 days
- Price adjustment window: Fixed at 90 days
- Contract can be paused in emergency situations (e.g., USDC depeg)
- Non-reentrant protection against reentrancy attacks
- Platform funds can be claimed by owner through secure withdrawal
- Each token represents a verified carbon offset
- Tokens can be redeemed by owners to claim the underlying offset
- Each token has an associated producer address
- Token metadata stored on IPFS for decentralization
- Uses ERC-1155 standard for efficient batch operations