lua-resty-memcached - Lua memcached client driver for the ngx_lua based on the cosocket API
- Name
- Status
- Description
- Synopsis
- Methods
- Automatic Error Logging
- Limitations
- TODO
- Author
- Copyright and License
- See Also
This library is considered production ready.
This Lua library is a memcached client driver for the ngx_lua nginx module:
http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpLuaModule
This Lua library takes advantage of ngx_lua's cosocket API, which ensures 100% nonblocking behavior.
Note that at least ngx_lua 0.5.0rc29 or OpenResty 1.0.15.7 is required.
lua_package_path "/path/to/lua-resty-memcached/lib/?.lua;;";
server {
location /test {
content_by_lua '
local memcached = require "resty.memcached"
local memc, err = memcached:new()
if not memc then
ngx.say("failed to instantiate memc: ", err)
return
end
memc:set_timeout(1000) -- 1 sec
-- or connect to a unix domain socket file listened
-- by a memcached server:
-- local ok, err = memc:connect("unix:/path/to/memc.sock")
local ok, err = memc:connect("127.0.0.1", 11211)
if not ok then
ngx.say("failed to connect: ", err)
return
end
local ok, err = memc:flush_all()
if not ok then
ngx.say("failed to flush all: ", err)
return
end
local ok, err = memc:set("dog", 32)
if not ok then
ngx.say("failed to set dog: ", err)
return
end
local res, flags, err = memc:get("dog")
if err then
ngx.say("failed to get dog: ", err)
return
end
if not res then
ngx.say("dog not found")
return
end
ngx.say("dog: ", res)
-- put it into the connection pool of size 100,
-- with 10 seconds max idle timeout
local ok, err = memc:set_keepalive(10000, 100)
if not ok then
ngx.say("cannot set keepalive: ", err)
return
end
-- or just close the connection right away:
-- local ok, err = memc:close()
-- if not ok then
-- ngx.say("failed to close: ", err)
-- return
-- end
';
}
}The key argument provided in the following methods will be automatically escaped according to the URI escaping rules before sending to the memcached server.
syntax: memc, err = memcached:new(opts?)
Creates a memcached object. In case of failures, returns nil and a string describing the error.
It accepts an optional opts table argument. The following options are supported:
-
key_transforman array table containing two functions for escaping and unescaping the memcached keys, respectively. By default, the memcached keys will be escaped and unescaped as URI components, that is
memached:new{
key_transform = { ngx.escape_uri, ngx.unescape_uri }
}syntax: ok, err = memc:connect(host, port)
syntax: ok, err = memc:connect("unix:/path/to/unix.sock")
Attempts to connect to the remote host and port that the memcached server is listening to or a local unix domain socket file listened by the memcached server.
Before actually resolving the host name and connecting to the remote backend, this method will always look up the connection pool for matched idle connections created by previous calls of this method.
syntax: session, err = memc:sslhandshake(reused_session?, server_name?, ssl_verify?, send_status_req?)
Does SSL/TLS handshake on the currently established connection. See the tcpsock.sslhandshake API from OpenResty for more details.
syntax: ok, err = memc:set(key, value, exptime, flags)
Inserts an entry into memcached unconditionally. If the key already exists, overrides it.
The value argument could also be a Lua table holding multiple Lua
strings that are supposed to be concatenated as a whole
(without any delimiters). For example,
memc:set("dog", {"a ", {"kind of"}, " animal"})is functionally equivalent to
memc:set("dog", "a kind of animal")The exptime parameter is optional and defaults to 0 (meaning never expires). The expiration time is in seconds.
The flags parameter is optional and defaults to 0.
syntax: ok, err = memc:set_timeout(timeout)
Sets the timeout (in ms) protection for subsequent operations, including the connect method.
Returns 1 when successful and nil plus a string describing the error otherwise.
syntax: ok, err = memc:set_timeouts(connect_timeout, send_timeout, read_timeout)
Sets the timeouts (in ms) for connect, send and read operations respectively.
Returns 1 when successful and nil plus a string describing the error otherwise.
syntax: ok, err = memc:set_keepalive(max_idle_timeout, pool_size)
Puts the current memcached connection immediately into the ngx_lua cosocket connection pool.
You can specify the max idle timeout (in ms) when the connection is in the pool and the maximal size of the pool every nginx worker process.
In case of success, returns 1. In case of errors, returns nil with a string describing the error.
Only call this method in the place you would have called the close method instead. Calling this method will immediately turn the current memcached object into the closed state. Any subsequent operations other than connect() on the current object will return the closed error.
syntax: times, err = memc:get_reused_times()
This method returns the (successfully) reused times for the current connection. In case of error, it returns nil and a string describing the error.
If the current connection does not come from the built-in connection pool, then this method always returns 0, that is, the connection has never been reused (yet). If the connection comes from the connection pool, then the return value is always non-zero. So this method can also be used to determine if the current connection comes from the pool.
syntax: ok, err = memc:close()
Closes the current memcached connection and returns the status.
In case of success, returns 1. In case of errors, returns nil with a string describing the error.
syntax: ok, err = memc:add(key, value, exptime, flags)
Inserts an entry into memcached if and only if the key does not exist.
The value argument could also be a Lua table holding multiple Lua
strings that are supposed to be concatenated as a whole
(without any delimiters). For example,
memc:add("dog", {"a ", {"kind of"}, " animal"})is functionally equivalent to
memc:add("dog", "a kind of animal")The exptime parameter is optional and defaults to 0 (meaning never expires). The expiration time is in seconds.
The flags parameter is optional, defaults to 0.
In case of success, returns 1. In case of errors, returns nil with a string describing the error.
syntax: ok, err = memc:replace(key, value, exptime, flags)
Inserts an entry into memcached if and only if the key does exist.
The value argument could also be a Lua table holding multiple Lua
strings that are supposed to be concatenated as a whole
(without any delimiters). For example,
memc:replace("dog", {"a ", {"kind of"}, " animal"})is functionally equivalent to
memc:replace("dog", "a kind of animal")The exptime parameter is optional and defaults to 0 (meaning never expires). The expiration time is in seconds.
The flags parameter is optional, defaults to 0.
In case of success, returns 1. In case of errors, returns nil with a string describing the error.
syntax: ok, err = memc:append(key, value, exptime, flags)
Appends the value to an entry with the same key that already exists in memcached.
The value argument could also be a Lua table holding multiple Lua
strings that are supposed to be concatenated as a whole
(without any delimiters). For example,
memc:append("dog", {"a ", {"kind of"}, " animal"})is functionally equivalent to
memc:append("dog", "a kind of animal")The exptime parameter is optional and defaults to 0 (meaning never expires). The expiration time is in seconds.
The flags parameter is optional, defaults to 0.
In case of success, returns 1. In case of errors, returns nil with a string describing the error.
syntax: ok, err = memc:prepend(key, value, exptime, flags)
Prepends the value to an entry with the same key that already exists in memcached.
The value argument could also be a Lua table holding multiple Lua
strings that are supposed to be concatenated as a whole
(without any delimiters). For example,
memc:prepend("dog", {"a ", {"kind of"}, " animal"})is functionally equivalent to
memc:prepend("dog", "a kind of animal")The exptime parameter is optional and defaults to 0 (meaning never expires). The expiration time is in seconds.
The flags parameter is optional and defaults to 0.
In case of success, returns 1. In case of errors, returns nil with a string describing the error.
syntax: value, flags, err = memc:get(key)
syntax: results, err = memc:get(keys)
Get a single entry or multiple entries in the memcached server via a single key or a table of keys.
Let us first discuss the case When the key is a single string.
The key's value and associated flags value will be returned if the entry is found and no error happens.
In case of errors, nil values will be turned for value and flags and a 3rd (string) value will also be returned for describing the error.
If the entry is not found, then three nil values will be returned.
Then let us discuss the case when the a Lua table of multiple keys are provided.
In this case, a Lua table holding the key-result pairs will be always returned in case of success. Each value corresponding each key in the table is also a table holding two values, the key's value and the key's flags. If a key does not exist, then there is no responding entries in the results table.
In case of errors, nil will be returned, and the second return value will be a string describing the error.
syntax: value, flags, cas_unique, err = memc:gets(key)
syntax: results, err = memc:gets(keys)
Just like the get method, but will also return the CAS unique value associated with the entry in addition to the key's value and flags.
This method is usually used together with the cas method.
syntax: ok, err = memc:cas(key, value, cas_unique, exptime?, flags?)
Just like the set method but does a check and set operation, which means "store this data but
only if no one else has updated since I last fetched it."
The cas_unique argument can be obtained from the gets method.
syntax: ok, err = memc:touch(key, exptime)
Update the expiration time of an existing key.
Returns 1 for success or nil with a string describing the error otherwise.
This method was first introduced in the v0.11 release.
syntax: ok, err = memc:flush_all(time?)
Flushes (or invalidates) all the existing entries in the memcached server immediately (by default) or after the expiration
specified by the time argument (in seconds).
In case of success, returns 1. In case of errors, returns nil with a string describing the error.
syntax: ok, err = memc:delete(key)
Deletes the key from memcached immediately.
The key to be deleted must already exist in memcached.
In case of success, returns 1. In case of errors, returns nil with a string describing the error.
syntax: new_value, err = memc:incr(key, delta)
Increments the value of the specified key by the integer value specified in the delta argument.
Returns the new value after incrementation in success, and nil with a string describing the error in case of failures.
syntax: new_value, err = memc:decr(key, value)
Decrements the value of the specified key by the integer value specified in the delta argument.
Returns the new value after decrementation in success, and nil with a string describing the error in case of failures.
syntax: lines, err = memc:stats(args?)
Returns memcached server statistics information with an optional args argument.
In case of success, this method returns a lua table holding all of the lines of the output; in case of failures, it returns nil with a string describing the error.
If the args argument is omitted, general server statistics is returned. Possible args argument values are items, sizes, slabs, among others.
syntax: version, err = memc:version(args?)
Returns the server version number, like 1.2.8.
In case of error, it returns nil with a string describing the error.
syntax: ok, err = memc:quit()
Tells the server to close the current memcached connection.
Returns 1 in case of success and nil other wise. In case of failures, another string value will also be returned to describe the error.
Generally you can just directly call the close method to achieve the same effect.
syntax: ok, err = memc:verbosity(level)
Sets the verbosity level used by the memcached server. The level argument should be given integers only.
Returns 1 in case of success and nil other wise. In case of failures, another string value will also be returned to describe the error.
syntax: err = memc:init_pipeline(n?)
Enable the Memcache pipelining mode. All subsequent calls to Memcache command methods will automatically get buffer and will send to the server in one run when the commit_pipeline method is called or get cancelled by calling the cancel_pipeline method.
The optional params n is buffer tables size. default value 4
syntax: results, err = memc:commit_pipeline()
Quits the pipelining mode by committing all the cached Memcache queries to the remote server in a single run. All the replies for these queries will be collected automatically and are returned as if a big multi-bulk reply at the highest level.
This method success return a lua table. failed return a lua string describing the error upon failures.
syntax: memc:cancel_pipeline()
Quits the pipelining mode by discarding all existing buffer Memcache commands since the last call to the init_pipeline method.
the method no return. always succeeds.
By default the underlying ngx_lua module does error logging when socket errors happen. If you are already doing proper error handling in your own Lua code, then you are recommended to disable this automatic error logging by turning off ngx_lua's lua_socket_log_errors directive, that is,
lua_socket_log_errors off;- This library cannot be used in code contexts like
set_by_lua*,log_by_lua*, andheader_filter_by_lua*where the ngx_lua cosocket API is not available. - The
resty.memcachedobject instance cannot be stored in a Lua variable at the Lua module level, because it will then be shared by all the concurrent requests handled by the same nginx worker process (see http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpLuaModule#Data_Sharing_within_an_Nginx_Worker ) and result in bad race conditions when concurrent requests are trying to use the sameresty.memcachedinstance. You should always initiateresty.memcachedobjects in function local variables or in thengx.ctxtable. These places all have their own data copies for each request.
- implement the memcached pipelining API.
- implement the UDP part of the memcached ascii protocol.
Yichun "agentzh" Zhang (章亦春) agentzh@gmail.com, OpenResty Inc.
This module is licensed under the BSD license.
Copyright (C) 2012-2017, by Yichun "agentzh" Zhang (章亦春) agentzh@gmail.com, OpenResty Inc.
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
-
Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-
Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
- the ngx_lua module: http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpLuaModule
- the memcached wired protocol specification: http://code.sixapart.com/svn/memcached/trunk/server/doc/protocol.txt
- the lua-resty-redis library.
- the lua-resty-mysql library.