Allow implementations to export log records with duplicate keys in a map as opt-in

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@ release.
 
 ### Logs
 
+- Allow SDK to export duplicate keys in a map as an opt-in option.
+  ([#3938](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/pull/3938))
+
 ### Events
 
 ### Resource

specification/logs/data-model.md

@@ -119,12 +119,21 @@ Value of type `any` can be one of the following:
 #### Type `map<string, any>`
 
 Value of type `map<string, any>` is a map of string keys to `any` values. The
-keys in the map are unique (duplicate keys are not allowed). The representation
-of the map is language-dependent.
+keys in the map are unique (duplicate keys are not allowed).
 
 Arbitrary deep nesting of values for arrays and maps is allowed (essentially
 allows to represent an equivalent of a JSON object).
 
+The representation of the map is language-dependent.
+
+The SDK MUST by default ensure that the exported maps contain only unique keys.
+
+The SDK MAY have an option to allow exporting maps with duplicate keys
+(e.g. for better performance).
+If such option is provided, it MUST be documented that for many receivers,
+handling of maps with duplicate keys is unpredictable and it is the users'
+responsibility to ensure keys are not duplicate.
+
 ### Field Kinds
 
 This Data Model defines a logical model for a log record (irrespective of the