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type:: note | ||
tags:: Physics, Electric Circuits | ||
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- **耦合电感** | ||
- **定义** | ||
- 耦合电感又多个电感组合,一个电感的电流随时间变化,其他电感两端出现感应电压。 | ||
- 耦合电感中出现的磁链包括自感磁链 $\varPsi_{L}$ 和互感磁链 $\varPsi_M$ ,对应产生自感电压 $u_L$ 和 互感电压 $u_M$ 。 | ||
- 耦合电感的一边的电压是一边的 $u_L$ 和 $u_M$ 之和。 | ||
- 电感之间,定义类似 $L$ 的 $M$ 。 | ||
- 对于两个电感 $L_1,L_2$ 组成的耦合电感,各磁链为 | ||
- $L_1$ 中 $i_1$ 产生的自感磁链: $\varPsi_{11}=N_1\phi_{11}=L_1i_1$ | ||
- $L_2$ 中 $i_1$ 互感产生的磁链: $\varPsi_{21}=N_2\phi_{21}=Mi_1$ | ||
- $L_1$ 中 $i_2$ 产生的互感磁链: $\varPsi_{12}=N_1\phi_{12}=Mi_2$ | ||
- $L_2$ 中 $i_2$ 产生的自感磁链: $\varPsi_{22}=N_2\phi_{22}=L_2i_2$ | ||
- **互感电压** | ||
- 同名端是耦合电感的一个属性,用于确定一个电感的电流和另一个电感的互感电压的方向的关系。 | ||
- 当电流从同名端流入时,互感电压的正极就在另一个电感的同名端。 | ||
- 同名端在电路图中用一点标注在电感的一端。 | ||
- 根据电流和互感电压的参考方向与对同名端是否一致: | ||
- 一致时: | ||
- 电流参考方向流入同名端且互感电压的参考正极在同名端 | ||
- 电流参考方向流出同名端且互感电压的参考负极在同名端 | ||
- 互感电压计算公式: | ||
$$ | ||
u_M=M\frac{\mathrm di}{\mathrm dt} | ||
$$ | ||
- 不一致时: | ||
- 电流参考方向流入同名端且互感电压的参考负极在同名端 | ||
- 电流参考方向流出同名端且互感电压的参考正极在同名端 | ||
- 互感电压计算公式: | ||
$$ | ||
u_M=-M\frac{\mathrm di}{\mathrm dt} | ||
$$ | ||
- 互感电压可以用附加的电压源代替,利用 $u_M$ 的计算公式,方向由同名端确定。 | ||
- **VCR** | ||
- $u_1,u_2$ 分别表示 $L_1,L_2$ 两端电压,则 | ||
- 时域形式: | ||
$$ | ||
\left\{\begin{matrix} | ||
u_1=L_1\frac{\mathrm di_1}{\mathrm dt}+M\frac{\mathrm di_2}{\mathrm dt}\\ | ||
u_2=L_2\frac{\mathrm di_2}{\mathrm dt}+M\frac{\mathrm di_1}{\mathrm dt}\\ | ||
\end{matrix}\right. | ||
$$ | ||
- 相量形式: | ||
$$ | ||
\left\{\begin{matrix} | ||
\dot{U}_1=\mathrm j\omega L_1\dot{I}_1+\mathrm j\omega M\dot{I}_2\\ | ||
\dot{U}_2=\mathrm j\omega L_2\dot{I}_2+\mathrm j\omega M\dot{I}_1\\ | ||
\end{matrix}\right. | ||
$$ | ||
- 自感电压前的符号由当前电感的电流与电感电压是否是关联参考方向决定。 | ||
- 互感电压前的符号由其他电感的电流与当前电感的互感电压对同名端的方向决定。 | ||
- **耦合系数** | ||
- 一般情况下 $\phi_{11}\ge\phi_{21},\phi_{22}\ge\phi_{12}$。 | ||
- 当 $\phi_{11}=\phi_{21},\phi_{22}=\phi_{12}$ 时,电流产生的磁通完全进入另外一个电感,此时有 | ||
$$ | ||
M_{\max}=\left[\sqrt{\left(\frac{N_2\phi_{21}}{i_1}\right)\left(\frac{N_1\phi_{12}}{i_2}\right)}\right]_{\max}=\sqrt{\left(\frac{N_1\phi_{11}}{i_1}\right)\left(\frac{N_2\phi_{22}}{i_2}\right)}=\sqrt{L_1L_2} | ||
$$ | ||
- 当 $M\le M_{\max}$ 时,定义耦合系数为 | ||
$$ | ||
k=\frac{M}{M_{\max}}=\frac{M}{\sqrt{L_1L_2}} | ||
$$ | ||
- $k=1$ 时为全耦合,$0.5\ge k<1$ 时为紧耦合,$0<k<0.5$ 时为松耦合,$k=0$ 时为无耦合。 | ||
- **储能** | ||
- 耦合电感储能包括自感储能和互感储能: | ||
- $L_1$ 自感储能:$\frac{1}{2}\varPsi_{11}i_1=\frac{1}{2}L_1i_1^2$ | ||
- $L_1$ 互感储能:$\pm\frac{1}{2}\varPsi_{12}i_1=\frac{1}{2}(Mi_2)i_1$ | ||
- $L_2$ 互感储能:$\pm\frac{1}{2}\varPsi_{21}i_2=\frac{1}{2}(Mi_1)i_2$ | ||
- $L_2$ 自感储能:$\frac{1}{2}\varPsi_{22}i_2=\frac{1}{2}L_2i_2^2$ | ||
- 总储能: | ||
$$ | ||
w=\frac{1}{2}L_1i_1^2+\frac{1}{2}L_2i^2\pm Mi_1i_2 | ||
$$ | ||
- 其中的正负由 $i_1,i_2$ 对同名端方向是否一致决定。 |