hardcode openvpn endpoints under ooni infra

internal/experiment/openvpn/endpoint.go

@@ -148,11 +148,11 @@ func (e *endpoint) AsInputURI() string {
 	return url.String()
 }
 
-// APIEnabledProviders is the list of providers that the stable API Endpoint knows about.
-// This array will be a subset of the keys in defaultOptionsByProvider, but it might make sense
-// to still register info about more providers that the API officially knows about.
+// APIEnabledProviders is the list of providers that the stable API Endpoint and/or this
+// experiment knows about.
 var APIEnabledProviders = []string{
 	"riseupvpn",
+	"oonivpn",
 }
 
 // isValidProvider returns true if the provider is found as key in the array of [APIEnabledProviders].
@@ -178,9 +178,10 @@ func newOpenVPNConfig(
 		vpnconfig.WithOpenVPNOptions(
 			&vpnconfig.OpenVPNOptions{
 				// endpoint-specific options.
-				Remote: endpoint.IPAddr,
-				Port:   endpoint.Port,
-				Proto:  vpnconfig.Proto(endpoint.Transport),
+				Remote:   endpoint.IPAddr,
+				Port:     endpoint.Port,
+				Proto:    vpnconfig.Proto(endpoint.Transport),
+				Compress: vpnconfig.Compression(config.Compress),
 
 				// options and credentials come from the experiment
 				// richer input targets.

internal/experiment/openvpn/openvpn.go

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import (
 
 const (
 	testName        = "openvpn"
-	testVersion     = "0.1.4"
+	testVersion     = "0.1.5"
 	openVPNProtocol = "openvpn"
 )
 

internal/experiment/openvpn/openvpn_test.go

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ func TestNewExperimentMeasurer(t *testing.T) {
 	if m.ExperimentName() != "openvpn" {
 		t.Fatal("invalid ExperimentName")
 	}
-	if m.ExperimentVersion() != "0.1.4" {
+	if m.ExperimentVersion() != "0.1.5" {
 		t.Fatal("invalid ExperimentVersion")
 	}
 }

internal/experiment/openvpn/richerinput.go

@@ -87,13 +87,18 @@ func (tl *targetLoader) Load(ctx context.Context) ([]model.ExperimentTarget, err
 	// If inputs and files are all empty and there are no options, let's use the backend
 	if len(tl.loader.StaticInputs) <= 0 && len(tl.loader.SourceFiles) <= 0 &&
 		reflectx.StructOrStructPtrIsZero(tl.options) {
-		return tl.loadFromBackend(ctx)
+		targets, err := tl.loadFromBackend(ctx)
+		if err == nil {
+			return targets, nil
+		}
 	}
 
+	tl.loader.Logger.Warnf("Error fetching OpenVPN targets from backend")
+
 	// Otherwise, attempt to load the static inputs from CLI and files
 	inputs, err := targetloading.LoadStatic(tl.loader)
 
-	// Handle the case where we couldn't load from CLI or files
+	// Handle the case where we couldn't load from CLI or files:
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -106,11 +111,34 @@ func (tl *targetLoader) Load(ctx context.Context) ([]model.ExperimentTarget, err
 			URL:    input,
 		})
 	}
+	if len(targets) > 0 {
+		return targets, nil
+	}
+
+	// Return the hardcoded endpoints.
+	return tl.loadFromDefaultEndpoints()
+}
+
+func (tl *targetLoader) loadFromDefaultEndpoints() ([]model.ExperimentTarget, error) {
+	tl.loader.Logger.Warnf("Using default OpenVPN endpoints")
+	targets := []model.ExperimentTarget{}
+	if udp, err := defaultOONIOpenVPNTargetUDP(); err == nil {
+		targets = append(targets,
+			&Target{
+				Config: pickFromDefaultOONIOpenVPNConfig(),
+				URL:    udp,
+			})
+	}
+	if tcp, err := defaultOONIOpenVPNTargetTCP(); err == nil {
+		targets = append(targets,
+			&Target{
+				Config: pickFromDefaultOONIOpenVPNConfig(),
+				URL:    tcp,
+			})
+	}
 	return targets, nil
 }
 
-// TODO(https://github.com/ooni/probe/issues/2755): make the code that fetches experiment private
-// and let the common code export just the bare minimum to make this possible.
 func (tl *targetLoader) loadFromBackend(ctx context.Context) ([]model.ExperimentTarget, error) {
 	if tl.options.Provider == "" {
 		tl.options.Provider = defaultProvider

internal/experiment/openvpn/richerinput_test.go

@@ -132,22 +132,6 @@ func TestTargetLoaderLoad(t *testing.T) {
 				},
 			},
 		},
-		{
-			name: "with just options",
-			options: &Config{
-				Provider: "riseupvpn",
-			},
-			loader: &targetloading.Loader{
-				ExperimentName: "openvpn",
-				InputPolicy:    model.InputOrQueryBackend,
-				Logger:         model.DiscardLogger,
-				Session:        &mocks.Session{},
-				StaticInputs:   []string{},
-				SourceFiles:    []string{},
-			},
-			expectErr:     nil,
-			expectTargets: nil,
-		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range cases {

internal/experiment/openvpn/targets.go

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+package openvpn
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"math/rand"
+	"net"
+)
+
+const defaultOpenVPNEndpoint = "openvpn-server1.ooni.io"
+
+// this is a safety toggle: it's on purpose that the experiment will receive no
+// input if the resolution fails. This also implies that we have no way of knowing if this
+// target has been blocked at the level of DNS.
+// TODO(ain,mehul): we might want to try resolving with other techniques (DoT etc),
+// and perhaps also transform DNS failure into a specific failure of the experiment, not
+// a skip.
+// TODO(ain): update the openvpn spec to reflect the CURRENT state of delivering the targets.
+func resolveTarget(domain string) (string, error) {
+	ips, err := net.LookupIP(domain)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	if len(ips) > 0 {
+		return ips[0].String(), nil
+	}
+	return "", fmt.Errorf("cannot resolve %v", defaultOpenVPNEndpoint)
+}
+
+func defaultOONITargetURL(ip string) string {
+	return "openvpn://oonivpn.corp/?address=" + ip + ":1194"
+}
+
+func defaultOONIOpenVPNTargetUDP() (string, error) {
+	ip, err := resolveTarget(defaultOpenVPNEndpoint)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return defaultOONITargetURL(ip) + "&transport=udp", nil
+}
+
+func defaultOONIOpenVPNTargetTCP() (string, error) {
+	ip, err := resolveTarget(defaultOpenVPNEndpoint)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return defaultOONITargetURL(ip) + "&transport=tcp", nil
+}
+
+func pickFromDefaultOONIOpenVPNConfig() *Config {
+	idx := rand.Intn(len(defaultOONIOpenVPNConfig))
+	return defaultOONIOpenVPNConfig[idx]
+}
+
+var defaultCA = "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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\nMFslRMPBN4Jfd/45V26iW2XMpWCONY5aqAfx+2Oz2g==\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----"
+var defaultOONIOpenVPNConfig = []*Config{
+	{
+		Cipher:      "AES-256-GCM",
+		Auth:        "SHA512",
+		Compress:    "stub",
+		Provider:    "oonivpn",
+		Obfuscation: "none",
+		// yes, github, I know this looks like a leaked certificate. That is exactly what it is.
+		SafeCA:   defaultCA,
+		SafeCert: "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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\nu4c=\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----",
+		SafeKey:  "-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----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\nabwHOfqbU+03upE8+Of17sg=\n-----END PRIVATE KEY-----",
+	},
+	{
+		Cipher:      "AES-256-GCM",
+		Auth:        "SHA512",
+		Compress:    "stub",
+		Provider:    "oonivpn",
+		Obfuscation: "none",
+		// yes, github, I know this looks like a leaked certificate. That is exactly what it is.
+		SafeCA:   defaultCA,
+		SafeCert: "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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\nvw==\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----",
+		SafeKey:  "-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----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\ncAnOQHux3yai6ZZkdXAAWJ8w\n-----END PRIVATE KEY-----",
+	},
+}

internal/experiment/openvpn/targets_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+package openvpn
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
+)
+
+func Test_resolveTarget(t *testing.T) {
+	// TODO: mustHaveExternalNetwork() equivalent.
+	if testing.Short() {
+		t.Skip("skip test in short mode")
+	}
+
+	_, err := resolveTarget("google.com")
+
+	if err != nil {
+		if err.Error() == "connection_refused" {
+			// connection_refused is raised when running this test
+			// on the restricted network for coverage tests.
+			// so we bail out
+			return
+		}
+		t.Fatal("should be able to resolve the target")
+	}
+
+	_, err = resolveTarget("nothing.corp")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("should not be able to resolve the target")
+	}
+
+	_, err = resolveTarget("asfasfasfasfasfafs.ooni.io")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("should not be able to resolve the target")
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_defaultOONIOpenVPNTargetUDP(t *testing.T) {
+	url, err := defaultOONIOpenVPNTargetUDP()
+	if err != nil {
+		if err.Error() == "connection_refused" {
+			// connection_refused is raised when running this test
+			// on the restricted network for coverage tests.
+			// so we bail out
+			return
+		}
+		t.Fatal("unexpected error")
+	}
+	expected := "openvpn://oonivpn.corp/?address=37.218.243.98:1194&transport=udp"
+	if diff := cmp.Diff(url, expected); diff != "" {
+		t.Fatal(diff)
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_defaultOONIOpenVPNTargetTCP(t *testing.T) {
+	url, err := defaultOONIOpenVPNTargetTCP()
+	if err != nil {
+		if err.Error() == "connection_refused" {
+			// connection_refused is raised when running this test
+			// on the restricted network for coverage tests.
+			// so we bail out
+			return
+		}
+		t.Fatal("unexpected error")
+	}
+	expected := "openvpn://oonivpn.corp/?address=37.218.243.98:1194&transport=tcp"
+	if diff := cmp.Diff(url, expected); diff != "" {
+		t.Fatal(diff)
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_pickFromDefaultOONIOpenVPNConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	pick := pickFromDefaultOONIOpenVPNConfig()
+
+	if pick.Cipher != "AES-256-GCM" {
+		t.Fatal("cipher unexpected")
+	}
+	if pick.SafeCA != defaultCA {
+		t.Fatal("ca unexpected")
+	}
+}