Update NNUE architecture to SFNNv7 with larger L1 size of 2048

[linrock]

Creating this net involved:

• a 5-step training process from scratch
• greedy permuting L1 weights with Permute master net weights to increase sparsity #4620
• leb128 compression with Support for LEB128 compression of feature transformer parameters. nnue-pytorch#251
• greedy 2- and 3- cycle permuting with Update default data to nn-a3d1bfca1672.nnue #4640

The 5 training steps were:

1. 400 epochs, lambda 1.0, lr 9.75e-4
   UHOx2-wIsRight-multinet-dfrc-n5000-largeGensfen-d9.binpack (178G)
     nodes5000pv2_UHO.binpack
     data_pv-2_diff-100_nodes-5000.binpack
     wrongIsRight_nodes5000pv2.binpack
     multinet_pv-2_diff-100_nodes-5000.binpack
     dfrc_n5000.binpack
     large_gensfen_multipvdiff_100_d9.binpack
   ep399 chosen as start model for step2

2. 800 epochs, end-lambda 0.75, skip 16
   LeelaFarseer-T78juntoaugT79marT80dec.binpack (141G)
     T60T70wIsRightFarseerT60T74T75T76.binpack
     test78-junjulaug2022-16tb7p.no-db.min.binpack
     test79-mar2022-16tb7p.no-db.min.binpack
     test80-dec2022-16tb7p.no-db.min.binpack
   ep559 chosen as start model for step3

3. 800 epochs, end-lambda 0.725, skip 20
   leela96-dfrc99-v2-T80dectofeb-sk20-mar-v6-T77decT78janfebT79apr.binpack (223G)
     leela96-filt-v2.min.binpack
     dfrc99-16tb7p-eval-filt-v2.min.binpack
     test80-dec2022-16tb7p-filter-v6-sk20.min-mar2023.binpack
     test80-jan2023-16tb7p-filter-v6-sk20.min-mar2023.binpack
     test80-feb2023-16tb7p-filter-v6-sk20.min-mar2023.binpack
     test80-mar2023-2tb7p-filter-v6.min.binpack
     test77-dec2021-16tb7p.no-db.min.binpack
     test78-janfeb2022-16tb7p.no-db.min.binpack
     test79-apr2022-16tb7p.no-db.min.binpack
   ep499 chosen as start model for step4

4. 800 epochs, end-lambda 0.7, skip 24
   0dd1cebea57 dataset https://github.com/official-stockfish/Stockfish/pull/4606
   ep599 chosen as start model for step5

5. 800 epochs, end-lambda 0.7, skip 28
   same dataset as step4
   ep619 became nn-1b951f8b449d.nnue

For the final step5 training:

python3 easy_train.py \
  --experiment-name L1-2048-S5-sameData-sk28-S4-0dd1cebea57-shuffled-S3-leela96-dfrc99-v2-T80dectofeb-sk20-mar-v6-T77decT78janfebT79apr-sk20-S2-LeelaFarseerT78T79T80-ep399-S1-UHOx2-wIsRight-multinet-dfrc-n5000-largeGensfen-d9 \
  --training-dataset /data/leela96-dfrc99-T60novdec-v2-T80juntonovjanfebT79aprmayT78jantosepT77dec-v6dd-T80apr.binpack \
  --early-fen-skipping 28 \
  --nnue-pytorch-branch linrock/nnue-pytorch/misc-fixes-L1-2048 \
  --engine-test-branch linrock/Stockfish/L1-2048 \
  --start-from-engine-test-net False \
  --start-from-model /data/experiments/experiment_L1-2048-S4-0dd1cebea57-shuffled-S3-leela96-dfrc99-v2-T80dectofeb-sk20-mar-v6-T77decT78janfebT79apr-sk20-S2-LeelaFarseerT78T79T80-ep399-S1-UHOx2-wIsRight-multinet-dfrc-n5000-largeGensfen-d9/training/run_0/nn-epoch599.nnue
  --max_epoch 800 \
  --lr 4.375e-4 \
  --gamma 0.995 \
  --start-lambda 1.0 \
  --end-lambda 0.7 \
  --tui False \
  --seed $RANDOM \
  --gpus 0

SF training data components for the step1 dataset:
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1yLCEmioC3Xx9KQr4T7uB6GnLm5icAYGU

Leela training data for steps 2-5 can be found at:
https://robotmoon.com/nnue-training-data/

Due to larger L1 size and slower inference, the speed penalty loses elo at STC.
Measurements from 100 bench runs at depth 13 with x86-64-modern on Intel Core i5-1038NG7 2.00GHz:

sf_base =  1240730  +/-   3443 (95%)
sf_test =  1153341  +/-   2832 (95%)
diff    =   -87388  +/-   1616 (95%)
speedup = -7.04330% +/- 0.130% (95%)

Local elo at 25k nodes per move (vs. L1-1536 nn-fdc1d0fe6455.nnue):
nn-epoch619.nnue : 21.1 +/- 3.2

Failed STC:
https://tests.stockfishchess.org/tests/view/6498ee93dc7002ce609cf979
LLR: -2.95 (-2.94,2.94) <0.00,2.00>
Total: 11680 W: 3058 L: 3299 D: 5323
Ptnml(0-2): 44, 1422, 3149, 1181, 44

LTC:
https://tests.stockfishchess.org/tests/view/649b32f5dc7002ce609d20cf
Elo: 0.68 ± 1.5 (95%) LOS: 80.5%
Total: 40000 W: 10887 L: 10809 D: 18304
Ptnml(0-2): 36, 3938, 11958, 4048, 20
nElo: 1.50 ± 3.4 (95%) PairsRatio: 1.02

Passed VLTC 180+1.8:
https://tests.stockfishchess.org/tests/view/64992b43dc7002ce609cfd20
LLR: 3.06 (-2.94,2.94) <0.00,2.00>
Total: 38086 W: 10612 L: 10338 D: 17136
Ptnml(0-2): 9, 3316, 12115, 3598, 5

Passed VLTC SMP 60+0.6 th 8:
https://tests.stockfishchess.org/tests/view/649a21fedc7002ce609d0c7d
LLR: 2.95 (-2.94,2.94) <0.50,2.50>
Total: 38936 W: 11091 L: 10820 D: 17025
Ptnml(0-2): 1, 2948, 13305, 3207, 7

bench 2858591

[vondele]

Thanks, I'll merge shortly.

Could you please also update the nnue-pytorch docs, and trainer, so that one can train this net arch from the master branch.

[linrock]

yep, i'll open PRs for the related nnue-pytorch changes later today