ci: Add a clang-ast workflow #850

Job	Run time
test (unit, ubuntu-latest)	57s
test (go-1.21, ubuntu-latest)	1m 9s
test (go-1.22, ubuntu-latest)	1m 58s
test (java-17, ubuntu-latest)	2m 23s
test (java-18, ubuntu-latest)	4m 20s
test (java-21, ubuntu-latest)	2m 39s
test (node-20, ubuntu-latest)	1m 34s
test (node-21, ubuntu-latest)	1m 6s
test (perl, ubuntu-latest)	41s
test (php-8.2, ubuntu-latest)	1m 58s
test (php-8.3, ubuntu-latest)	42s
test (python-3.11, ubuntu-latest)	5m 33s
test (python-3.12, ubuntu-latest)	5m 31s
test (ruby-3.2, ubuntu-latest)	50s
test (ruby-3.3, ubuntu-latest)	1m 19s
test (wasm, ubuntu-latest)	3m 27s
test (wasm-wasi-component, ubuntu-latest)	8m 19s
	44m 26s

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