ci: Add a clang-ast workflow #834

Job	Run time
test (unit, ubuntu-latest)	59s
test (go-1.21, ubuntu-latest)	1m 13s
test (go-1.22, ubuntu-latest)	1m 46s
test (java-17, ubuntu-latest)	2m 22s
test (java-18, ubuntu-latest)	2m 30s
test (java-21, ubuntu-latest)	2m 45s
test (node-20, ubuntu-latest)	2m 4s
test (node-21, ubuntu-latest)	1m 41s
test (perl, ubuntu-latest)	41s
test (php-8.2, ubuntu-latest)	39s
test (php-8.3, ubuntu-latest)	1m 6s
test (python-3.11, ubuntu-latest)	6m 13s
test (python-3.12, ubuntu-latest)	5m 55s
test (ruby-3.2, ubuntu-latest)	1m 3s
test (ruby-3.3, ubuntu-latest)	1m 7s
test (wasm, ubuntu-latest)	2m 59s
test (wasm-wasi-component, ubuntu-latest)	8m 3s
	43m 6s

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