Background job time windows

apps/contactsinteraction/lib/BackgroundJob/CleanupJob.php

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 
 use OCA\ContactsInteraction\Db\RecentContactMapper;
 use OCP\AppFramework\Utility\ITimeFactory;
+use OCP\BackgroundJob\IJob;
 use OCP\BackgroundJob\TimedJob;
 
 class CleanupJob extends TimedJob {
@@ -38,7 +39,8 @@ public function __construct(ITimeFactory $time,
 								RecentContactMapper $mapper) {
 		parent::__construct($time);
 
-		$this->setInterval(12 * 60 * 60);
+		$this->setInterval(24 * 60 * 60);
+		$this->setTimeSensitivity(IJob::TIME_INSENSITIVE);
 
 		$this->mapper = $mapper;
 	}

apps/dav/lib/BackgroundJob/UploadCleanup.php

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 
 use OC\User\NoUserException;
 use OCP\AppFramework\Utility\ITimeFactory;
+use OCP\BackgroundJob\IJob;
 use OCP\BackgroundJob\IJobList;
 use OCP\BackgroundJob\TimedJob;
 use OCP\Files\File;
@@ -51,6 +52,7 @@ public function __construct(ITimeFactory $time, IRootFolder $rootFolder, IJobLis
 
 		// Run once a day
 		$this->setInterval(60 * 60 * 24);
+		$this->setTimeSensitivity(IJob::TIME_INSENSITIVE);
 	}
 
 	protected function run($argument) {

apps/files_external/lib/BackgroundJob/CredentialsCleanup.php

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 use OCA\Files_External\Lib\StorageConfig;
 use OCA\Files_External\Service\UserGlobalStoragesService;
 use OCP\AppFramework\Utility\ITimeFactory;
+use OCP\BackgroundJob\IJob;
 use OCP\BackgroundJob\TimedJob;
 use OCP\Security\ICredentialsManager;
 use OCP\IUser;
@@ -53,6 +54,7 @@ public function __construct(
 
 		// run every day
 		$this->setInterval(24 * 60 * 60);
+		$this->setTimeSensitivity(IJob::TIME_INSENSITIVE);
 	}
 
 	protected function run($argument) {

apps/files_sharing/lib/ExpireSharesJob.php

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 namespace OCA\Files_Sharing;
 
 use OCP\AppFramework\Utility\ITimeFactory;
+use OCP\BackgroundJob\IJob;
 use OCP\BackgroundJob\TimedJob;
 use OCP\IDBConnection;
 use OCP\Share\Exceptions\ShareNotFound;
@@ -50,6 +51,7 @@ public function __construct(ITimeFactory $time, IManager $shareManager, IDBConne
 
 		// Run once a day
 		$this->setInterval(24 * 60 * 60);
+		$this->setTimeSensitivity(IJob::TIME_INSENSITIVE);
 	}
 
 

apps/twofactor_backupcodes/lib/BackgroundJob/RememberBackupCodesJob.php

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 
 use OCP\AppFramework\Utility\ITimeFactory;
 use OCP\Authentication\TwoFactorAuth\IRegistry;
+use OCP\BackgroundJob\IJob;
 use OCP\BackgroundJob\IJobList;
 use OCP\BackgroundJob\TimedJob;
 use OCP\IUserManager;
@@ -60,6 +61,7 @@ public function __construct(IRegistry $registry,
 		$this->jobList = $jobList;
 
 		$this->setInterval(60 * 60 * 24 * 14);
+		$this->setTimeSensitivity(IJob::TIME_INSENSITIVE);
 	}
 
 	protected function run($argument) {

config/config.sample.php

@@ -1214,6 +1214,20 @@
  */
 'maintenance' => false,
 
+/**
+ * UTC Hour for maintenance windows
+ *
+ * Some background jobs only run once a day. When an hour is defined for this config,
+ * the background jobs which advertise themselves as not time sensitive will be
+ * delayed during the "working" hours and only run in the 4 hours after the given time.
+ * This is e.g. used for activity expiration, suspicious login training and update checks.
+ *
+ * A value of 1 e.g. will only run these background jobs between 01:00am UTC and 05:00am UTC.
+ *
+ * Defaults to ``100`` which disables the feature
+ */
+'maintenance_window_start' => 1,
+
 
 /**
  * SSL

core/Migrations/Version24000Date20220131153041.php

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+/**
+ * @copyright Copyright (c) 2022 Joas Schilling <coding@nextcloud.com>
+ *
+ * @author Joas Schilling <coding@nextcloud.com>
+ *
+ * @license GNU AGPL version 3 or any later version
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
+ * License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ */
+
+namespace OC\Core\Migrations;
+
+use Closure;
+use OCP\DB\ISchemaWrapper;
+use OCP\DB\Types;
+use OCP\Migration\IOutput;
+use OCP\Migration\SimpleMigrationStep;
+
+class Version24000Date20220131153041 extends SimpleMigrationStep {
+	/**
+	 * @param IOutput $output
+	 * @param Closure $schemaClosure The `\Closure` returns a `ISchemaWrapper`
+	 * @param array $options
+	 * @return null|ISchemaWrapper
+	 */
+	public function changeSchema(IOutput $output, Closure $schemaClosure, array $options): ?ISchemaWrapper {
+		/** @var ISchemaWrapper $schema */
+		$schema = $schemaClosure();
+
+		$table = $schema->getTable('jobs');
+		if (!$table->hasColumn('time_sensitive')) {
+			$table->addColumn('time_sensitive', Types::SMALLINT, [
+				'default' => 1,
+			]);
+			$table->addIndex(['time_sensitive'], 'jobs_time_sensitive');
+			return $schema;
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+}

cron.php

@@ -110,6 +110,28 @@
 			$config->setAppValue('core', 'backgroundjobs_mode', 'cron');
 		}
 
+		// Low-load hours
+		$onlyTimeSensitive = false;
+		$startHour = $config->getSystemValueInt('maintenance_window_start', 100);
+		if ($startHour <= 23) {
+			$date = new \DateTime('now', new \DateTimeZone('UTC'));
+			$currentHour = (int) $date->format('G');
+			$endHour = $startHour + 4;
+
+			if ($startHour <= 20) {
+				// Start time: 01:00
+				// End time: 05:00
+				// Only run sensitive tasks when it's before the start or after the end
+				$onlyTimeSensitive = $currentHour < $startHour || $currentHour > $endHour;
+			} else {
+				// Start time: 23:00
+				// End time: 03:00
+				$endHour -= 24; // Correct the end time from 27:00 to 03:00
+				// Only run sensitive tasks when it's after the end and before the start
+				$onlyTimeSensitive = $currentHour > $endHour && $currentHour < $startHour;
+			}
+		}
+
 		// Work
 		$jobList = \OC::$server->getJobList();
 
@@ -119,7 +141,7 @@
 		$endTime = time() + 14 * 60;
 
 		$executedJobs = [];
-		while ($job = $jobList->getNext()) {
+		while ($job = $jobList->getNext($onlyTimeSensitive)) {
 			if (isset($executedJobs[$job->getId()])) {
 				$jobList->unlockJob($job);
 				break;

lib/composer/composer/autoload_classmap.php

@@ -1001,6 +1001,7 @@
     'OC\\Core\\Migrations\\Version24000Date20211213081604' => $baseDir . '/core/Migrations/Version24000Date20211213081604.php',
     'OC\\Core\\Migrations\\Version24000Date20211222112246' => $baseDir . '/core/Migrations/Version24000Date20211222112246.php',
     'OC\\Core\\Migrations\\Version24000Date20211230140012' => $baseDir . '/core/Migrations/Version24000Date20211230140012.php',
+    'OC\\Core\\Migrations\\Version24000Date20220131153041' => $baseDir . '/core/Migrations/Version24000Date20220131153041.php',
     'OC\\Core\\Notification\\CoreNotifier' => $baseDir . '/core/Notification/CoreNotifier.php',
     'OC\\Core\\Service\\LoginFlowV2Service' => $baseDir . '/core/Service/LoginFlowV2Service.php',
     'OC\\DB\\Adapter' => $baseDir . '/lib/private/DB/Adapter.php',

lib/composer/composer/autoload_static.php

@@ -1030,6 +1030,7 @@ class ComposerStaticInit53792487c5a8370acc0b06b1a864ff4c
         'OC\\Core\\Migrations\\Version24000Date20211213081604' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/core/Migrations/Version24000Date20211213081604.php',
         'OC\\Core\\Migrations\\Version24000Date20211222112246' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/core/Migrations/Version24000Date20211222112246.php',
         'OC\\Core\\Migrations\\Version24000Date20211230140012' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/core/Migrations/Version24000Date20211230140012.php',
+        'OC\\Core\\Migrations\\Version24000Date20220131153041' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/core/Migrations/Version24000Date20220131153041.php',
         'OC\\Core\\Notification\\CoreNotifier' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/core/Notification/CoreNotifier.php',
         'OC\\Core\\Service\\LoginFlowV2Service' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/core/Service/LoginFlowV2Service.php',
         'OC\\DB\\Adapter' => __DIR__ . '/../../..' . '/lib/private/DB/Adapter.php',

lib/private/BackgroundJob/JobList.php

@@ -184,9 +184,10 @@ public function getAll() {
 	/**
 	 * get the next job in the list
 	 *
+	 * @param bool $onlyTimeSensitive
 	 * @return IJob|null
 	 */
-	public function getNext() {
+	public function getNext(bool $onlyTimeSensitive = true): ?IJob {
 		$query = $this->connection->getQueryBuilder();
 		$query->select('*')
 			->from('jobs')
@@ -195,6 +196,10 @@ public function getNext() {
 			->orderBy('last_checked', 'ASC')
 			->setMaxResults(1);
 
+		if ($onlyTimeSensitive) {
+			$query->andWhere($query->expr()->eq('time_sensitive', $query->createNamedParameter(IJob::TIME_SENSITIVE, IQueryBuilder::PARAM_INT)));
+		}
+
 		$update = $this->connection->getQueryBuilder();
 		$update->update('jobs')
 			->set('reserved_at', $update->createNamedParameter($this->timeFactory->getTime()))
@@ -215,7 +220,7 @@ public function getNext() {
 
 			if ($count === 0) {
 				// Background job already executed elsewhere, try again.
-				return $this->getNext();
+				return $this->getNext($onlyTimeSensitive);
 			}
 			$job = $this->buildJob($row);
 
@@ -229,7 +234,7 @@ public function getNext() {
 				$reset->execute();
 
 				// Background job from disabled app, try again.
-				return $this->getNext();
+				return $this->getNext($onlyTimeSensitive);
 			}
 
 			return $job;
@@ -333,6 +338,12 @@ public function setLastRun(IJob $job) {
 		$query->update('jobs')
 			->set('last_run', $query->createNamedParameter(time(), IQueryBuilder::PARAM_INT))
 			->where($query->expr()->eq('id', $query->createNamedParameter($job->getId(), IQueryBuilder::PARAM_INT)));
+
+		if ($job instanceof \OCP\BackgroundJob\TimedJob
+			&& !$job->isTimeSensitive()) {
+			$query->set('time_sensitive', $query->createNamedParameter(IJob::TIME_INSENSITIVE));
+		}
+
 		$query->execute();
 	}
 

lib/private/Security/Bruteforce/CleanupJob.php

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 namespace OC\Security\Bruteforce;
 
 use OCP\AppFramework\Utility\ITimeFactory;
+use OCP\BackgroundJob\IJob;
 use OCP\BackgroundJob\TimedJob;
 use OCP\DB\QueryBuilder\IQueryBuilder;
 use OCP\IDBConnection;
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ public function __construct(ITimeFactory $time, IDBConnection $connection) {
 
 		// Run once a day
 		$this->setInterval(3600 * 24);
+		$this->setTimeSensitivity(IJob::TIME_INSENSITIVE);
 	}
 
 	protected function run($argument) {

lib/public/BackgroundJob/IJob.php

@@ -34,6 +34,15 @@
  * @since 7.0.0
  */
 interface IJob {
+	/**
+	 * @since 24.0.0
+	 */
+	public const TIME_INSENSITIVE = 0;
+	/**
+	 * @since 24.0.0
+	 */
+	public const TIME_SENSITIVE = 1;
+
 	/**
 	 * Run the background job with the registered argument
 	 *

lib/public/BackgroundJob/IJobList.php

@@ -85,10 +85,11 @@ public function getAll();
 	/**
 	 * get the next job in the list
 	 *
+	 * @param bool $onlyTimeSensitive
 	 * @return \OCP\BackgroundJob\IJob|null
-	 * @since 7.0.0
+	 * @since 7.0.0 - In 24.0.0 parameter $onlyTimeSensitive got added
 	 */
-	public function getNext();
+	public function getNext(bool $onlyTimeSensitive = false): ?IJob;
 
 	/**
 	 * @param int $id

lib/public/BackgroundJob/TimedJob.php

@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@
 abstract class TimedJob extends Job {
 	/** @var int */
 	protected $interval = 0;
+	/** @var int */
+	protected $timeSensitivity = IJob::TIME_SENSITIVE;
 
 	/**
 	 * set the interval for the job
@@ -50,6 +52,36 @@ public function setInterval(int $seconds) {
 		$this->interval = $seconds;
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Whether the background job is time sensitive and needs to run soon after
+	 * the scheduled interval, of if it is okay to be delayed until a later time.
+	 *
+	 * @return bool
+	 * @since 24.0.0
+	 */
+	public function isTimeSensitive(): bool {
+		return $this->timeSensitivity === IJob::TIME_SENSITIVE;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * If your background job is not time sensitive (sending instant email
+	 * notifications, etc.) it would be nice to set it to IJob::TIME_INSENSITIVE
+	 * This way the execution can be delayed during high usage times.
+	 *
+	 * @param int $sensitivity
+	 * @psalm-param IJob::TIME_* $sensitivity
+	 * @return void
+	 * @since 24.0.0
+	 */
+	public function setTimeSensitivity(int $sensitivity): void {
+		if ($sensitivity !== IJob::TIME_SENSITIVE &&
+			$sensitivity !== IJob::TIME_INSENSITIVE) {
+			throw new \InvalidArgumentException('Invalid sensitivity');
+		}
+
+		$this->timeSensitivity = $sensitivity;
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * run the job if the last run is is more than the interval ago
 	 *

tests/lib/BackgroundJob/DummyJobList.php

@@ -75,9 +75,10 @@ public function getAll() {
 	/**
 	 * get the next job in the list
 	 *
+	 * @param bool $onlyTimeSensitive
 	 * @return IJob|null
 	 */
-	public function getNext() {
+	public function getNext(bool $onlyTimeSensitive = true): ?IJob {
 		if (count($this->jobs) > 0) {
 			if ($this->last < (count($this->jobs) - 1)) {
 				$i = $this->last + 1;