FileSignatures

A small library for detecting the type of a file based on header signature (also known as magic number) rather than file extension. It is designed with extensibility in mind, so that recognised formats can be added easily.

How do I install it?

FileSignatures is available on NuGet, so can be installed via the Package Manager:

Install-Package FileSignatures

How do I use it?

Create an instance of the FileFormatInspector class, then pass it a stream to your file:

var inspector = new FileFormatInspector();
var format = inspector.DetermineFileFormat(stream);

This will return a FileFormat instance which contains the signature and media type of the recognised format, or null if a matching format could not be determined.

How do I register it with a dependency injection container?

You can either register an instance calling the empty constructor which will register all formats in the FileSignatures assembly:

services.AddSingleton<IFileFormatInspector>(new FileFormatInspector());

Or use FileFormatLocator to scan for the formats you are interested in then pass that to the constructor of FileFormatInspector and register that instance:

var recognised = FileFormatLocator.GetFormats().OfType<Image>();
var inspector = new FileFormatInspector(recognised);
services.AddSingleton<IFileFormatInspector>(inspector);

In this example, only formats which derive from Image (jpg, tiff, bmp, etc.) will be detected. Anything else will be ignored.

How do I check for a type of file?

Because the formats are defined as a type hierarchy, you can either check for a specific type if you want to work with a particular format, or the base type if you are interested in multiple formats.

var format = inspector.DetermineFileFormat(stream);

if(format is Pdf) {
  // Just matches Pdf
}

if(format is OfficeOpenXml) {
  // Matches Word, Excel, Powerpoint
}

if(format is Image) {
  // Matches any image format
}

See the examples for a sample web application and a console application which demonstrate how to filter uploads by a particular format and retrieve the signature details for a file.

What formats are recognised?

Currently, the following formats are built-in:

Name	Media-Type	Extension
3GPP	video/3gpp	.3gp
Bitmap	image/bmp	.bmp
Excel	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	.xlsx
Excel 97-2003	application/vnd.ms-excel	.xls
Exe (Windows)	application/octet-stream	.exe
GIF	image/gif	.gif
JPEG	image/jpeg	.jpg
MP4	video/mp4	.mp4
Open Document Presentation	application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentationn	.odp
Open Document Spreadhseet	application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet	.ods
Open Document Text	application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text	.odt
Outlook Message	application/vnd.ms-outlook	.msg
PDF	application/pdf	.pdf
PNG	image/png	.png
PowerPoint	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation	.pptx
Powerpoint 97-2003	application/vnd.ms-powerpoint	.ppt
QuickTime	video/quicktime	.mov
Rich Text Format	application/rtf	.rtf
TIFF	image/tiff	.tif
Visio	application/vnd.visio	.vsdx
Visio 97-2003	application/vnd.visio	.vsd
Webp	image/webp	.webp
Word	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document	.docx
Word 97-2003	application/msword	.doc
Xps	application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument	.xps
Zip	application/zip	.zip

How do I add additional formats?

Create a new class (or many classes) which inherit from FileFormat to implement a custom format. Next, pass a collection of recognised formats to the constructor of FileFormatInspector, being sure to include your custom format.

The FileFormatLocator class can be used to load all custom formats located within an assembly:

var assembly = typeof(CustomFileFormat).GetTypeInfo().Assembly;

// Just the formats defined in the assembly containing CustomFileFormat
var customFormats = FileFormatLocator.GetFormats(assembly);

// Formats defined in the assembly and all the defaults
var allFormats = FileFormatLocator.GetFormats(assembly, true);

Using this method, you can continue to create custom formats and they will automatically be included into the recognised formats without any additional configuration.

What is the licence?

This project is licensed under the MIT license.