refactor: extract transaction_validity_check function

[pugachAG]

Runtime prepare_transactions accepts chain_validate callback to perform additional transaction validation using data from chain. This PR extract common code into a separate function as part of Chain.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: 4 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Comparison is base (b3a16c6) 72.00% compared to head (900ca86) 72.01%.
Report is 2 commits behind head on master.

Files	Patch %	Lines
chain/client/src/client.rs	50.00%	0 Missing and 3 partials ⚠️
chain/client/src/chunk_validation.rs	66.66%	0 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master   #10519      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   72.00%   72.01%   +0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         720      720              
  Lines      146447   146476      +29     
  Branches   146447   146476      +29     
==========================================
+ Hits       105451   105491      +40     
+ Misses      36137    36135       -2     
+ Partials     4859     4850       -9     

Flag	Coverage Δ
backward-compatibility	0.08% <0.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️
db-migration	0.08% <0.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️
genesis-check	1.25% <0.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️
integration-tests	36.94% <82.60%> (+0.06%)	⬆️
linux	71.24% <73.91%> (+0.03%)	⬆️
linux-nightly	71.33% <82.60%> (-0.05%)	⬇️
macos	55.12% <73.91%> (+0.01%)	⬆️
pytests	1.47% <0.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️
sanity-checks	1.27% <0.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️
unittests	67.98% <73.91%> (-0.01%)	⬇️
upgradability	0.13% <0.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️

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