Code to reproduce results behind the publication The Rhythm of Risk: Exploring Spatio-temporal Patterns of Urban Vulnerability with Ambulance Calls Data (2024) by Mikhail Sirenko, Tina Comes and Alexander Verbraeck.
This study relies on 3 datasets:
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Open and anonymized ambulance calls from the P2000 system that can be collected from one of the dedicated websites, e.g., p2000-online.net or Alarmeringen.nl. Note that we use the data for autumn seasons of 2017, 2018, and 2019.
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Open socio-demographic and built environment data on 500 by 500 m2 grid by Statistics Netherlands or kaart met statistieken in Dutch.
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City, district and neighbourhood shapefiles or wijk- en buurtkaart by Statistics Netherlands.
The study is focused on three largest cities of the Netherlands: The Hague, Rotterdam, and Amsterdam.
We analyze ambulance calls on a typical autumn weekday. A typical weekday is an average over the days of three autumn seasons for years of ambulance call data from 2017, 2018, and 2019. Previous research has indicated that analyzing autumn can help focus on the city without many external factors: carnivals, tourists, etc. Additionally, on weekdays, all three cities have more calls and less inter-city mobility than on weekends, simplifying the pattern interpretation.
Please look at the supplementary material for more information about all the choices and reasoning behind them.
Mikhail Sirenko