gcc: re-enable libsanitizer

[anphel31]

Merge Checklist

All boxes should be checked before merging the PR (just tick any boxes which don't apply to this PR)

• The toolchain has been rebuilt successfully (or no changes were made to it)
• The toolchain/worker package manifests are up-to-date
• Any updated packages successfully build (or no packages were changed)
• Packages depending on static components modified in this PR (Golang, *-static subpackages, etc.) have had their Release tag incremented.
• Package tests (%check section) have been verified with RUN_CHECK=y for existing SPEC files, or added to new SPEC files
• All package sources are available
• cgmanifest files are up-to-date and sorted (./cgmanifest.json, ./toolkit/scripts/toolchain/cgmanifest.json, .github/workflows/cgmanifest.json)
• LICENSE-MAP files are up-to-date (./SPECS/LICENSES-AND-NOTICES/data/licenses.json, ./SPECS/LICENSES-AND-NOTICES/LICENSES-MAP.md, ./SPECS/LICENSES-AND-NOTICES/LICENSE-EXCEPTIONS.PHOTON)
• All source files have up-to-date hashes in the *.signatures.json files
• sudo make go-tidy-all and sudo make go-test-coverage pass
• Documentation has been updated to match any changes to the build system
• Ready to merge

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Summary

What does the PR accomplish, why was it needed?
Re-enable thread sanitizer in gcc

Change Log

• Re-enable thread sanitizer in gcc.spec
• Add patch to fix build break:

time="2024-02-26T20:17:25UTC" ../../../../libsanitizer/sanitizer_common/sanitizer_platform_limits_posix.cpp:180:10: fatal error: crypt.h: No such file or directory
time="2024-02-26T20:17:25UTC"   180 | #include <crypt.h>
time="2024-02-26T20:17:25UTC"       |          ^~~~~~~~~
time="2024-02-26T20:17:25UTC" compilation terminated.
time="2024-02-26T20:17:25UTC" make[4]: *** [Makefile:618: sanitizer_platform_limits_posix.lo] Error 1

Does this affect the toolchain?

YES

Associated issues

• Bug 48878538: [Mariner 3] libtsan missing in gcc RPM

Links to CVEs

• https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-YYYY-XXXX

Test Methodology

• Full build: https://dev.azure.com/mariner-org/mariner/_build/results?buildId=514396&view=results