List of Common Linux System Calls

File and Directory Operations

• open - Open a file.
• close - Close a file.
• read - Read data from a file.
• write - Write data to a file.
• lseek - Move the file pointer to a specified location.
• stat - Get file status.
• fstat - Get file status.
• lstat - Get file status.
• mkdir - Create a directory.
• rmdir - Remove a directory.
• unlink - Delete a file.

Process Management

• fork - Create a new process.
• execve - Execute a program.
• exit - Terminate a process.
• wait - Wait for a process to change state.
• waitpid - Wait for a specific process to change state.
• getpid - Get the process ID.
• getppid - Get the parent process ID.

Memory Management

• brk - Change data segment size.
• mmap - Map files or devices into memory.
• munmap - Unmap files or devices from memory.
• mprotect - Set memory protection.
• msync - Synchronize memory with physical storage.

Inter-Process Communication (IPC)

• pipe - Create a pipe.
• dup - Duplicate a file descriptor.
• dup2 - Duplicate a file descriptor to a specific value.
• shmget - Get shared memory segment.
• shmat - Attach shared memory segment.
• shmctl - Control shared memory segment.
• semget - Get a semaphore set.
• semop - Perform operations on a semaphore set.
• semctl - Control a semaphore set.

Networking

• socket - Create a socket.
• bind - Bind a socket to an address.
• listen - Listen for socket connections.
• accept - Accept a socket connection.
• connect - Connect a socket.
• send - Send data through a socket.
• recv - Receive data from a socket.
• getsockopt - Get socket options.
• setsockopt - Set socket options.

Time Management

• time - Get the current time.
• gettimeofday - Get the current time of day.
• settimeofday - Set the current time of day.
• clock_gettime - Get the time of a specified clock.
• clock_settime - Set the time of a specified clock.
• nanosleep - Suspend execution for a specified time.

User and Group Management

• getuid - Get user ID.
• geteuid - Get effective user ID.
• getgid - Get group ID.
• getegid - Get effective group ID.
• setuid - Set user ID.
• seteuid - Set effective user ID.
• setgid - Set group ID.
• setegid - Set effective group ID.

Miscellaneous

• ioctl - Control device.
• fcntl - File control operations.
• kill - Send a signal to a process.
• sigaction - Examine and change a signal action.
• sigsuspend - Wait for a signal.
• sigpending - Examine pending signals.
• sigprocmask - Change and examine the signal mask.
• uname - Get system information.